现代汉语动词词尾“了”的时态允准机制  

The Tense of Verbal –le in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：郑学丹 ZHENG Xue-dan(Foreign Language School,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510641)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学外国语学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《广州广播电视大学学报》2021年第4期63-67,72,110,共7页Journal of Guangzhou Open University

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学发展“十三五”规划2019年度共建课题“粤汉英时态运算机制对比研究”(课题编号:2019GZGJ20)。

摘　　要：本文的研究目的是在生成语法的原则与参数理论框架下解析动词词尾"了"的时态义及时态允准机制。"了"主体仍是一个完整体标记,"了"的过去义是其完整体义所附带的一个时态义。该过去义的绝/相对值不具有词汇内在规定性,在词库中体现为无解特征[χ,past],需要在句法运算中获允准。允准的方式是由表过去的时空义成份统制,并由时空义在两个时间论元之间建立的时序赋值。如果时序涉及的时间论元符合绝对值的要求,[χ,past]获赋值[A,past],"了"获得绝对过去时义;如果时间论元符合相对值的要求,[χ,past]获赋值[R,past],"了"获得相对过去时义。"了"的时态生成机制决定"了"的句法分布。This article aims to analyze the tense interpretation of Mandarin verbal–le within the framework of minimal program in the generative tradition.–le is not a tense marker,and its past tense semantics is part of its perfective semantics.The relative/absolute value of the past tense is not specified in the Lexicon,and the ultimate value of this past tense is determined by syntax.This unspecified past tense is characterized as an uninterpretable feature[χ,past]in Lexicon.The licensing of the feature requires-le be c-commanded by the past tense semantics AFTER,which establishes a subsequence relation between the reference time and the assertion time.–le obtains the absolute past tense reading when the feature[χ,past]is valued as[A,past]by the subsequence relation between the speech time and the assertion time which has the value of the event time.–le obtains the relative reading when the reference time is not the speech time or the assertion time does not have the value the event time.

关 键 词：动词词尾“了” 时态 相/绝对值 完整体 允准 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]