高速列车动车和拖车转向架区域风雪流特征  

Characteristics of wind-snow flow around motor and trailer bogies of high-speed train

作　　者：蔡路 娄振 李田[1] 张继业[1] CAI Lu;LOU Zhen;LI Tian;ZHANG Ji-ye(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power>Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2021年第3期311-322,共12页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB1200403)。

摘　　要：为研究冬季高速列车在积雪轨道运行时动车和拖车转向架区域的雪粒运动特性差异,采用欧拉-拉格朗日气固两相流方法,分别建立了动车和拖车转向架的风雪流计算模型,分析了转向架区域的雪粒运动特征和雪粒与壁面的撞击特性。研究结果表明:动车和拖车转向架区域的气流路径相似,气流主要由轮对后部卷入转向架区域,并绕两轮对旋转,拖车转向架区域回流引起的正压要大于动车转向架区域回流引起的正压;牵引电机通风时,转向架区域前后轮对周围回转气流比不通风时明显增多;牵引电机的排风使动车转向架区域的雪粒逗留时间由不排风时1.10 s增加到1.13 s,不利于雪粒流出转向架区域;雪粒更易进入拖车转向架区域上部空间,在相同时间内拖车转向架捕获的雪粒比动车转向架多42.8%;动车转向架区域除轴箱外,其后部部件捕获的雪粒少于前部部件,拖车转向架区域除轮对外,其后部部件捕获的雪粒多于前部部件;牵引电机出风口处的气流会增加转向架前部区域部件上的撞击雪粒,减少转向架中部区域部件上的撞击雪粒;牵引电机排出的部分气流会形成绕车轮的旋转气流,使转向架底部更多的雪粒卷入转向架区域,导致撞击到前部轴箱和制动部件上的雪粒分别增加了20%和17%;转向架的雪粒入射区域主要分布在受到车底来流直接冲击的部位和受到转向架后部回流冲击的部位。When a high-speed train runs on a snow-covered track in winter,wind-snow flow calculation models of a motor bogie and a trailer bogie were established by using the Euler-Lagrange gas-solid two-phase flow approach to investigate the difference in snow particles motion characteristics between the motor and trailer bogie.The motion characteristics of snow particles in bogie region and the impact characteristics between snow particles and walls were analyzed.Research results show that the airflow paths in the trailer and motor bogie regions are similar.The airflow in the rear of wheelsets rolls up into the bogie region and rotates around the two wheelsets.The positive pressure generated by the reverse flow in the trailer bogie region exceeds that of the motor bogie.When the traction motor is ventilated,the reverse flow around the front and rear wheelsets in the bogie region significantly increases compared with the case without ventilation.The snow particle residence time in the motor bogie region increases from 1.10 s up to 1.13 s owing to the exhaust air of the traction motor.It is unconducive for snow particles to flow out of the motor bogie region.The snow particles easily enter the upper space of trailer bogie region and are captured by the trailer bogie is 42.8%more than that of the motor bogie region during the same period.Except for the axle box,the snow particles captured by the rear part of motor bogie are lower than those captured by the front part.Except for the wheelsets,the snow particles captured by the rear part of trailer bogie exceed those captured by the front part.The airflow at the traction motor outlet increases the incident snow particles on the front parts of the bogie and decreases the incident snow particles on the middle parts of the bogie.The partial airflow exhausted out by the traction motor rotates around the wheelsets,causing more snow particles underneath the bogie to roll up into the bogie region.Therefore,the snow particles hitting the front axle box and brake components increase by

关 键 词：高速列车 转向架 风雪流 离散相模型 积雪 

分 类 号：U270.32[机械工程—车辆工程]