一种超低空飞行的仿生扑翼飞行器的设计及分析  

Design and analysis of a bionic flapping wing aircraft flying at ultra-low altitude

作　　者：叶锦涛 刘凤丽[1] 郝永平[1] 刘双杰[2] 郭梦辉 冯卓航 YE Jin-tao;LIU Feng-li;HAO Yong-ping;LIU Shuang-jie;GUO Meng-hui;FENG Zhuo-hang(College of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China;College of Equipment Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China;Nanjing Research and Development Center of Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211100,China;College of Mathematics and Statistics,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110159 [2]沈阳理工大学装备工程学院,辽宁沈阳110159 [3]内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司南京研发中心,江苏南京211100 [4]西安交通大学数学与统计学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2021年第4期473-479,共7页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

摘　　要：为研制既具备一定的负载能力,又具有高隐蔽性的飞行器,依据鸟类的飞行方式,设计了一种可以超低空飞行的仿生扑翼飞行器。首先,计算了扑翼飞行器传动机构的自由度,从原理上确定了设计方案的可行性,并确定了飞行器各个构件的尺寸;其次,利用设计软件Creo绘制飞行器三维模型,通过运动仿真得出飞行器的扑动符合设计要求;然后,利用ADAMS(automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical system,机械系统动力学自动分析)软件对飞行器进行动力学仿真,得到飞行器在扑动过程中的扑动幅度和角速度变化情况,验证了飞行器三维模型设计的合理性,并计算了飞行器旋转关节处的平衡力矩;最后,制作了扑翼飞行器的样机,并进行了室内和户外飞行试验。动力学仿真分析和飞行试验表明,所设计的扑翼飞行器扑动稳定性良好,具有较强的飞行能力和仿生隐蔽性,飞行效果达到预期。该扑翼飞行器可以进行超低空飞行,应用前景较广。In order to develop an aircraft with certain load capacity and high concealment,a bionic flapping wing aircraft which can fly at ultra-low altitude was designed according to the flight mode of birds.Firstly,the degree of freedom of the transmission mechanism of flapping wing aircraft was calculated,the feasibility of the design scheme was determined in principle,and the dimensions of each component of flapping wing aircraft were determined.Secondly,the three-dimensional model of the aircraft was drawn by the design software Creo.Through the motion simulation,it was concluded that the flutter of the aircraft met the design requirements.Then,the dynamics simulation of the aircraft was carried out by ADAMS(automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical system)software,and the changes of flapping amplitude and angular velocity in the flapping process were obtained.Therefore,the rationality of the three-dimensional model design of the aircraft was verified,and the balance torque at the rotating joint of the aircraft was calculated.Finally,the prototype of flapping wing aircraft was made,and indoor and outdoor flight tests were carried out.The dynamics simulation analysis and flight tests showed that the designed flapping wing aircraft had good flapping stability,relatively strong flight ability and bionic concealment,and the flight effect reached the expectation.The flapping wing aircraft can fly at ultra-low altitude and has a wide application prospect.

关 键 词：扑翼飞行器 结构设计 三维模型 动力学分析 飞行试验 

分 类 号：TH133.5[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] V276[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]