参数化列车碰撞平台的动力学建模与仿真  

DYNAMIC MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A PARAMETRIC VEHICLE COLLISION PLATFORM

作　　者：吴启凡 肖守讷[1] 杨超[2] 朱涛[1] 阳光武[1] 杨冰[1] Wu Qifan;Xiao Shoune;Yang Chao;Zhu Tao;Yang Guangwu;Yang Bing(National Key Labortory of Tracion Power,Southwest Jiaoning University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《动力学与控制学报》2021年第4期39-47,共9页Journal of Dynamics and Control

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助(2019YJ0216);牵引动力国家重点实验室自主课题(2017TPL_Z1,2019TPL_T13)。

摘　　要：轨道车辆的设计过程中,有限元碰撞仿真方法建模复杂、修改周期长.为快速计算准确的列车碰撞响应,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,使用Matlab程序语言,建立参数化列车碰撞平台.根据实际参数,将车辆实体模型转化为数学模型,将连续轨道模型离散为弹性点支承模型;基于Hertz接触理论,使用向量法建立轮轨相互作用模型;将车钩缓冲装置、吸能防爬装置和悬挂装置的力学特性转化为非线性迟滞特性数学模型;采用修正双步长显式积分算法对参数化模型进行时域求解.将有限元仿真结果与参数化仿真结果在速度、加速度以及最大轮对抬升量方面进行对比,结果表明,两种模型的速度变化趋势相同,加速度绝对误差小于1m/s^(2),轮对抬升量峰值相对误差1.67%,各项指标的相对误差保持在10%以内,对参数化列车碰撞平台的准确性进行了验证.研究结果为揭示列车碰撞后的响应机理建立了仿真基础,为轨道车辆的耐撞性设计中参数的选定提供了一定的理论支撑.During designs of rail vehicles,modeling is complicated and the period is long for finite element collision simulation.In order to calculate accurate train collision response quickly,a parameterized train collision platform is established based on vehicle-track coupled dynamics and Matlab.The physical vehicle model is converted into a mathematical model according to actual parameters,and the continuous track model is discretized into an elastic point support model;the vector method is used to establish the wheel-rail interaction model based on Hertz contact theory;the coupler buffer device,energy absorption anti-climbing device,suspension device,and the mechanical characteristics of the model are transformed into a mathematical model of nonlinear hysteresis characteristics.A modified two-step explicit integration algorithm is used to solve the parameterized model in time domain.By comparing the finite element simulation results with the parametric simulation results in terms of speed,acceleration,and maximum wheel lift,the results show that two different models have the same speed change trend,the absolute error of acceleration is less than 1m/s^(2),and the relative error of the peak lift amount of the wheelset is 1.67%.The relative error of each index was kept within 10%,and the accuracy of the parameterized train collision platform is verified.The results establish a simulation basis for revealing the response mechanism of a train after a collision,and provide a certain theoretical support for selecting parameters in the crashworthiness design of rail vehicles.

关 键 词：车辆碰撞 碰撞动力学 数值仿真 参数设计 

分 类 号：U270.14[机械工程—车辆工程]