论阳明心学的“心即理”与“心”非“理”——基于认识论的“心”“理”关系再思考  

On Yangming’s“Mind is Principle”and“Mind”is not“Principle”:Rethinking the Relationship between“Mind”and“Principle”on Account of Epistemology

作　　者：李禹阶[1] Li Yujie(College of History and Society, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学历史与社会学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期67-76,共10页Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Edition of Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“古代宗教与儒家本体论研究”(17BZJ009)。

摘　　要：阳明心学“心即理”及“心外无理”“心外无物”命题,并不是将“心”上升到与“理”为一的本体论高度,而仍是在认识论范围内探讨“心”“理”关系,其目的是希望通过将“心”的认知能力分离为能上达“天理”之善源与下至普通人“日用之知”的路径,强调对“天理”认知的简明性。它是阳明心学通过吸取禅宗“直指本心”的认识论方法,而以“心即理”命题,将“悟”道主体与被“悟”对象更好地联系在一起,使士、农、工、商能够更加简捷地“明道”“悟理”,由此从另一角度开启儒家由“未发”到“已发”的上达“圣贤”的修养路径,本质上是从道德修养及儒学传播角度对朱熹理学“格物致知”认识论“支离破碎”弊病的修正。可以说,阳明学说是典型的中国伦理型文化语境及儒学“资治”理念的特有产物,只有把它置于中国文化、中国哲学的特有语境下,方能诠释出王阳明心学的内在意蕴。The propositions of Yangming’s“mind is principle”and“nothing outside the mind”and“nothing outside the mind”do not raise the“mind”to the height of ontology that is one with the“principle”,but are still within the scope of epistemology.The purpose of exploring the relationship between“mind”and“principle”is to separate the cognitive ability of“mind”into a path that can reach the source of goodness of“Tianli”and the path down to the“knowledge of daily use”of ordinary people.The conciseness of“Tianli”cognition.It is the epistemological method of Yangmingxinxue that draws on the Zen Buddhism to“point directly to the original mind”,and uses the“mind is principle”proposition to better link the“enlightened”Dao subject with the“enlightened”object.The scholars,peasants,workers and businessman can more simply“understand the way”and“understand the truth”,thus opening the Confucian path from“unfavored”to“distributed”to“sages”from another angle,essentially from moral cultivation and Confucianism dissemination angle of Zhu Xi’s“gewuzhizhi”epistemology“fragmentation”correction.It can be said that Yangming’s theory is a typical Chinese ethical cultural context and a unique product of the Confucian“governance”concept.Only by placing it in the unique context of Chinese culture and philosophy can it interpret the inner meaning of Wang Yangming’s theory of the mind.

关 键 词：王阳明 “心即理” “心”非“理” 伦理型语境 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]