氮磷钾配施对马铃薯农艺性状·产量及干物质含量的影响  

Effects of NPK Combinations on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Dry Matters of Potato

作　　者：高青青 方玉川 汪奎 吕军 王小英 陈占飞 张艳艳 GAO Qing-qing;FANG Yu-chuan;WANG Kui(Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000;Shaanxi Potato Engineering Technology Research Center,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000)

机构地区：[1]榆林市农业科学研究院,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第17期144-147,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2019年国家现代农业产业园-陕西省榆林市榆阳区现代农业产业园项目;国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-ES31);陕西省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SNTX-14);陕西省协同创新与推广联盟示范推广项目(LM201905)。

摘　　要：以“冀张薯8号”脱毒原种为材料,设置14个不同氮磷钾配比,3年连续试验,研究了氮磷钾配施对马铃薯农艺性状、产量及干物质含量的影响,旨在获得榆林风沙草滩地区马铃薯最佳的氮磷钾配比。结果表明,氮磷钾最佳配比为N2P2K2,平均产量为38742.99 kg/hm^(2),位居第一,较对照N0P0K0提高44.25%,其次为N2P2K3,与对照N0P0K0均差异显著;马铃薯单株块茎数、单株块茎重和商品薯率均在N2P2K3处理下位居第一,但与对照N0P0K0差异不显著,说明合理增施钾肥可以提高马铃薯块茎性状;在磷钾合理用量(P2K2)的情况下,随着氮肥用量的增加,马铃薯株高呈逐渐增加的趋势,产量和干物质含量呈先增后减的趋势。因此,榆林风沙草滩地区马铃薯最佳的氮磷钾配比为纯N 150 kg/hm^(2)、P 2O 590 kg/hm^(2)、K 2O 112.5 kg/hm^(2),适宜在生产中推广使用。In this study,we used potato‘Jizhangshu 8’virus-free seedling to analyze the optimum ratio about NPK,set 14 different ratios to research the agronomic characters,yield and dry matters content for 3 years.The results indicated that the optimum ratio was N2P2K2 in all treatment and the average yield as high as 38742.99 kg/hm^(2)comparing with control which enhancing 44.25%,the second was N2P2K3;it had little influence about potato tuber number per plant,tuber weight per plant and commercial potato percentage comparing with control,but the treatment N2P2K3 was the best,it showed that reasonable application of potassium fertilizer could improve tuber characters of potato;interestly,with the increase of nitrogen,the plant height increased,the yield and the dry matter increased and then declined.Therefore,the optimal NPK application schemes were pure N 150 kg/hm^(2),P 2O 590 kg/hm^(2)and K 2O 112.5 kg/hm^(2),which were suitable for popularization in production.

关 键 词：马铃薯 氮磷钾 农艺性状 产量 干物质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]