蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对马铃薯致病菌的抑制作用  

Inhibition effects of vermicomposting products and activated sludge extraction on strains of pathogenic bacteria of potato

作　　者：赵娜娜 潘潇涵 陈清[1,2] 常瑞雪 陈硕[1,2] 崔建宇 慕康国[1,2] Zhao Nana;Pan Xiaohan;Chen Qing;Chang Ruixue;Chen Shuo;Cui Jianyu;Mu Kangguo(College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Prevention-Control and Remediation,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第12期230-236,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200405)。

摘　　要：为探究有机废弃物蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对马铃薯致病菌立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的抑制作用,该研究采用皿内生长速率法测定了蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液及二者混和液的抑菌作用,并通过盆栽试验分析了它们对马铃薯促生抑病效果。结果表明,蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌均有显著的抑制作用,浸提液的100倍稀释液对立枯丝核菌抑制作用分别可高达78.3%和98.8%,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用分别为60.1%和75.8%;2种废弃物浸提液混合后具有协同增效作用,混合液稀释1000倍后,对立枯丝核菌的抑制率为98.6%,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率为72.6%。将有机废弃物浸提液高温灭菌后,对病原菌抑制效果极大的下降,与空白对照相比相差较小。盆栽试验结果表明,蚯蚓粪和活性污泥的浸提液能有效防治马铃薯茎溃疡病,2种浸提液1∶1混合稀释200倍后,防治效率高达69.0%。而且蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液灌根施用能促进马铃薯幼苗的生长,浸提液1∶1混合稀释200倍后施用,与对照相比株高增长了56.8%。综上,有机废弃物蚯蚓粪和活性污泥浸提液对马铃薯致病菌具有显著抑制效果,2种废弃物浸提液混合施用对马铃薯茎溃疡病的防治有协同增效作用。Potato is one of the most important cash crops in China.Nevertheless,serious soilborne diseases have posed a great threat to potato production in recent years,due mainly to the deteriorated soil environment during the commonly-used continuous cropping practice with the expansion of planting areas.Alternatively,organic waste is widely expected to effectively control soilborne diseases,due to its richness in nutrients,bioactive substances,and living microorganisms.Specifically,two typical organic wastes are the vermicomposting product and activated sludge from the gourmet powder factory.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the suppressive effects of the vermicomposting product and activated sludge on two representative pathogenic bacteria of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum.The growth rate in the culture dish was adopted to determine the suppressive effects of extracts from two materials on the pathogens.A bioassay experiment in a pot was used to treat the canker disease of potato stem,particularly for the stable promotion of seedling growth.The results showed that the extracts of the vermicomposting product and activated sludge presented significantly suppressive effects on the pathogens,where the inhibition rate increased dramatically with the decrease of dilution ratio.The inhibition rate in the 100 times diluent of the vermicomposting product and activated sludge extracts were 78.3%and 98.8%on R.solani,while 60.1%and 75.8%on F.oxysporum,respectively.The specific synergistic effects of 1000 times dilution in two extracts were 98.6%and 72.6%for R.solani and F.oxysporum,respectively.But the inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria decreased rapidly after high-temperature sterilization of the vermicomposting product and activated sludge,indicating a relatively minor difference,compared with the control.Additionally,suppressive effects in the 100 times diluent in the mixing extracts were 18.4%and 20.3%on R.solani,while 5.3%and 9.2%on F.oxysporum,respectively.It proved that the vermicompo

关 键 词：病害 污泥 蚯蚓粪 马铃薯 茎溃疡病 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]