“入乎其内,出乎其外”:组织如何运用内外动机协同提升创造力  

How Should Organization Promote Employees’Creativity by Synergistically Utilizing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation?

作　　者：王天力 WANG Tian-li(School of Business Administration,Jilin Engineering Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130052)

机构地区：[1]吉林工程技术师范学院工商管理学院,吉林长春130052

出　　处：《商学研究》2021年第4期26-34,共9页Commercial Science Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“乡村振兴战略下农业企业绿色创业导向的测量、驱动机制及对绩效的影响研究”(20BGL059);吉林省教育厅项目“依托吉林省农产品品牌建设的产教融合创新体系研究”(JJKH20200205SK)。

摘　　要：突如其来的危机会给低创造力的组织带来更大冲击。由于创造力是“重定中心”的能力,内外动机又均对创造力产生影响,很多人便将内外动机看作是分离的概念,组织亦采用“非此即彼”的方式来激发创造力。其实,内外动机对创造力的影响交织而复杂,内在动机起决定作用,外在动机发挥“叠加”或“挤出”效应。在协同理论基础上和辩证的视角,将内外动机看作是既不完全分离、也不简单叠加的相互协同关系,能够消解关于内外动机对创造力影响的二元对立,使组织采取更加科学的方式促进员工创造力的提升,既“入乎其内”,深入挖掘员工内在动机,又“出乎其外”,积极构建创造力形成的外在条件,为组织应对不确定性危机做好准备。Unexpected crisis has greater impact on organizations with lower creativity.Since creativity is the“resetting-centre”ability on which both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have effect,people usually isolate these two concepts and treat them separately and organizations tend to use“either this or that”strategy to improve creativity.However,the function among them is interweaving and complex.Intrinsic motivation plays a decisive role and extrinsic motivation has“crowding-out”effect.The Synergy Theory of motivation eliminates the antagonism between the two motivations and views them as unified and coordinated ones.Organizations should not only examine deep inside the employees’motivation,but also look beyond the unit and construct the environment stimulating extrinsic motivation that perfectly fits intrinsic motivation,thus enhancing organizations to promote the creativity in order to deal with the uncertainty that may result in crisis unpredictably at any time.

关 键 词：创造力 内在动机 外在动机 协同理论 挤出效应 

分 类 号：C936[经济管理—管理学]