保护性耕作措施对轮作蚕豆碳氮积累及产量的影响  

Effects of conservation cultivation measures on carbon nitrogenaccumulation and yield of rotation broad bean

作　　者：成欣 杜娟[1] 谢小玉[1] 刘帮艳 戴伊莎 陈锦芬 王龙昌[1] CHENG Xin;DU Juan;XIE Xiaoyu;LIU Bangyan;DAI Yisha;CHEN Jinfen;WANG Longchang(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University,Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,Engineering Research Center of South Upland,Chongqing 400716,China;Chongqing Institute of Quality and Standardization,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院/三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心,重庆400716 [2]重庆市质量和标准化研究院,重庆400716

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第5期160-168,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871583);农业农村部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503127);西南大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(XDJK2019D024)。

摘　　要：以轮作7 a的蚕豆/玉米/甘薯旱三熟种植模式下的蚕豆农田(Vicia faba L)为研究对象,设置平作(T)、垄作(R)、平作+秸秆半量覆盖(TS1)、垄作+秸秆半量覆盖(RS1)、平作+秸秆全量覆盖(TS2)、垄作+秸秆全量覆盖(RS2)6个处理,测定了不同耕作模式下蚕豆各器官的碳氮含量、碳氮储量以及产量等指标。结果表明,与对照平作(T)相比,垄作、秸秆覆盖均能提高蚕豆的碳储量和氮储量,蚕豆单株碳、氮储量以垄作加秸秆覆盖(RS2)处理最高,较平作(T)分别增加了52.05%和59.99%;垄作(R)较平作加全量秸秆覆盖处理(TS2)的籽粒氮含量提高5.9%,平作(T)较平作加全量秸秆覆盖处理(TS2)的籽粒氮含量提高了10.25%;单株干物质积累量表现为RS2>TS2>RS1>R>TS1>T;垄作、秸秆覆盖均显著提高蚕豆产量,RS2的产量较T处理显著提高了51.97%,保护性耕作措施下的蚕豆平均产量为2619.15 kg·hm^(-2),且产量与农艺性状指标都呈显著正相关。综合所有指标来看,在不同耕作模式中,以垄作加全量秸秆覆盖(RS2)处理对于增加蚕豆各器官碳氮储量及单株干物质积累量效果最明显,进而促进蚕豆增产。Broad bean(Vicia faba L)field under the broad bean/maize/sweet potato drought triple cropping mode with rotation broad bean of 7 a was taken as the research subject.The six treatments included conventional tillage(T),ridge tillage(R),convention tillage with half straw mulching(TS1),ridge tillage with half straw mulching(RS1),conventional tillage with whole straw mulching(TS2)and ridge tillage with whole straw mulching(RS2).The carbon and nitrogen content,carbon and nitrogen storage,and yield under different cultivation measures were investigated.The results showed that ridge planting and straw mulching both increased the carbon and nitrogen storage of broad bean when compared with the conventional tillage(T).Among different tillage modes,the amount of carbon and nitrogen storage per plant of broad bean was the highest in ridge planting plus straw mulching(RS2),which increased by 52.05%and 59.99%,respectively,compared with that of conventional tillage(T).The grain nitrogen content of single ridge(R)was 5.9%higher than that of TS2,and the grain nitrogen content of single ridge(T)was 10.25%higher than that of TS2.Dry matter accumulation per plant showed the trend of RS2>TS2>RS1>R>TS1>T.Furthermore,ridge cultivation and straw mulching both significantly increased the yield of broad bean,and the yield of RS2 treatment significantly increased 51.97%compared with T treatment.The average yield of broad bean was 2619.15 kg·hm^(-2)under conservation tillage modes and the yield was positively correlated with agronomic character indexes.Considering all the indexes,RS2 had the optimum effects on increasing dry matter accumulation,carbon and nitrogen storage in different organs of broad bean among these cultivation modes,and thus improved the broad bean yield.

关 键 词：蚕豆 垄作 秸秆覆盖 碳氮积累 产量 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学] S34[农业科学—园艺学]