语言接触中的干扰和转用——以东乡语“ciə”和东乡汉语的“些”为例  

Interference and Borrowing in Language Contact:A Case Study of“ciə”in Dongxiang Language and“xie”(些)in Dongxiang Chinese

作　　者：敏春芳[1] 宋珊[1] MIN Chun-fang;SONG Shan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期139-149,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“西北民族地区回族话与回族经堂语、小儿经语言研究”(17ZDA311);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019jbkyzx007,2019jbkyzx016)。

摘　　要：语言接触是目前国内外研究的热点和难点,语言接触和互动无处不在。如阿尔泰语从汉语借入大量的词汇,深度接触还可以借入复数标记、构词词缀等。如东乡语中的复数标记"-ciə"是借自汉语的"些"。反之,汉语向阿尔泰语借入词汇的情况却很少,但结构干扰始终存在,如东乡汉语的"些"是东乡语从比格"-sə"的复制和音译。因此,东乡语中的复数形式"-ciə"属于语言接触过程中的借用现象,而东乡汉语的从比格"些"属于语言接触过程中的干扰现象,两者都是语言接触的结果。Presently, language contact is a hot spot and difficult area in domestic and foreign linguistics studies. As abounding in language contacts and interactions, Gansu province is a treasure house for language contact studies. For example, the Altaic language borrows plenty of words, and even some plural markers and morphological affixes from the Chinese language through in-depth contact. The plural marker"-ciə"in the Dongxiang language is borrowed from the Chinese character"些". Conversely, the Chinese language rarely borrows words from the Altaic language, though the interference from the latter still exists. For instance,"些"in the Dongxiang Chinese language is the copy and transliteration of"-sə ", the ablative-comparative case of the Dongxiang language. Therefore, in the process of language contact,"-ciə"is an instance of borrowing while"些"is an instance of interference. Both of them are the results of language contact.

关 键 词：东乡语 复数“ciə” 东乡汉语 从比格“些” 阿尔泰语言 语言接触 借用 干扰 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]