中外优秀男子铅球运动员旋转投掷技术对比  

Comparison of Rotational Techniques between Chinese and World Elite Men’s Shot Put Athletes

作　　者：董海军[1] 马屹[2] 丛玉珍 隋新梅 李翰君[5] 刘卉 于冰 DONG Haijun;MA Yi;CONG Yuzhen;SUI Xinmei;LI Hanjun;LIU Hui;YU Bing(Heibei Sport College,Shijiazhuang 050041,China;Xi’an Sport College,Xi'an 710068,China;China Athletics Association,Beijing 100763,China;Shanghai Sport Administration,Shanghai 200001,China;College of Human Movement Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;China Research Institute of Sport and Health,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina 27599,USA)

机构地区：[1]河北体育学院,石家庄050041 [2]西安体育学院,西安710068 [3]中国田径协会,北京100763 [4]上海市体育局,上海200001 [5]北京体育大学人体运动科学院,北京100084 [6]北京体育大学中国运动与健康研究院,北京100084 [7]美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校,北卡罗来纳州27599

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2021年第4期534-539,共6页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

摘　　要：目的对比中国和世界优秀男子铅球运动员使用的旋转投掷技术,为中国铅球运动员提高运动表现水平和国际比赛成绩提供科学依据。方法获得中国男子铅球运动员在实际比赛中的三维运动学数据,计算并比较中国和世界优秀男子铅球运动员在右脚离地、左脚离地、右脚落地、左脚落地、铅球出手5个关键时刻的铅球速度、髋-肩超越角,以及在第1单支撑阶段、腾空阶段、第2单支撑阶段、最后用力阶段的时间和铅球运动距离。结果与世界优秀男子铅球运动员相比,使用旋转投掷技术中国男子铅球运动员的垂直出手速度显著低,腾空阶段显著长,左脚离地和左脚落地时刻髋-肩超越角显著小,腾空阶段铅球运动距离显著长,最后用力阶段铅球运动距离显著短。结论下肢力量体能差异是中国与世界优秀男子铅球运动员在运动表现上的主要原因。中国与世界优秀男子铅球运动员的技术差异主要表现在时间节奏和铅球在不同技术阶段运动距离的差异上。Objective To compare rotational techniques used by Chinese and world elite men’s shot put athletes,so as to provide scientific references for Chinese male shot putters to improve their sports performance and results in international competitions.Methods Three-dimensional(3 D)kinematics data from Chinese male shot putters in actual competitions were obtained,and kinematic parameters of Chinese and world elite men’s shot put athletes were calculated and compared.Namely,shot velocities and hip-shoulder separation angles at five critical instants of rotational techniques:right foot off,left foot off,right foot touchdown,left foot touchdown and release,as well as phase durations and shot travel distances during four critical phases:first single support,airborn flight,second single support and final delivery.Results Compared with world elite athletes,Chinese male shot putters using rotational techniques had significantly lower vertical release velocity,longer air-borne duration,smaller hip-shoulder separation angles at left foot off and touchdown instant,and longer shot travel distance during air-borne flight,but shorter shot travel distance during final shot delivery.Conclusions The difference in lower extremity strength is a primary casue leading to different sports performance between Chinese and world elite male shot putters.The technique differences in Chinese and world elite male shot putters mainly lie in different phase timing and shot travel distances during different techinique phases.

关 键 词：铅球投掷 旋转投掷技术 运动表现 运动学 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]