老挝南公1水电站非衬砌溢洪道岩体爆破开挖技术  

Rock Blasting Excavation Technology for Unlined Spillway of Namkong 1 Hydropower Station in Laos

作　　者：吴世然 刘广鑫 陈育权 卢文波[2] 张珂 陈明[2] WU Shi-ran;LIU Guang-xin;CHEN Yu-quan;LU Wen-bo;ZHANG Ke;CHEN Ming(Powerchina Sinohydro Bureau 3 Co.,Ltd.,Xi′an 710024,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;China International Water&Electric Corp.,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司,西安710024 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]中国水利电力对外有限公司,北京100120

出　　处：《爆破》2021年第3期31-37,共7页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51779190、51979205);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M672311、2020T130569)。

摘　　要：溢洪道的开挖成型质量对后期工程的运行安全有着重要影响,基于老挝南公1水电站非衬砌溢洪道岩体开挖,针对溢洪道开挖中的四个关键部位,提出并采用了不同的爆破开挖技术,取得了良好的开挖效果并积累了丰富的工程经验。现场开挖结果表明:深孔预裂爆破技术能够很好地解决溢洪道高边坡的轮廓开挖成型控制难题,爆后轮廓面清晰可见、开挖成型质量优良,且半孔率和最大起伏差均满足设计要求;消能-聚能联合控制爆破技术在消力池底板开挖中得到成功应用,获得良好开挖成型效果的同时,大大加快了施工进度;对于消力池尾坎这种特殊部位的岩体开挖,上下游面采用深孔预裂一次开挖成型、顶部水平面采用水平预裂+垂直孔的轮廓开挖技术,能够很好地解决尾坎的开挖成型控制难题;对于类似闸室跌坎段这样具有开挖成型质量要求的小台阶爆破区域,大孔径小梯段的爆破技术并不是很适宜,应优先采用小孔径小梯段的控制爆破技术。The quality of spillway excavation has an important influence on the safety of the later project operation.Based on the rock mass excavation of an unlined spillway of Namkong 1 Hydropower Station in Laos,different blasting excavation techniques were proposed and adopted for four key parts.The field excavation results show that the deep hole pre-splitting blasting technique can well solve the problem of excavation shaping control of spillway high slope.The profile is clearly visible after blast with the half hole ratio and the maximum fluctuation meeting the design requirements.In addition,the energy dissipation-accumulation control blasting technique has been successfully applied in the stilling basin floor excavation,which has achieved good excavation shaping effect and greatly accelerated the construction progress.For the excavation of the special part of the tail of the stilling basin,the deep-hole pre-splitting one-time excavation shaping technique is adopted for the upstream and downstream surface,while the horizontal pre-splitting and vertical hole contour excavation technique is adopted for the top horizontal surface,which can solve the excavation shaping control problem of shaping of the tail sill.For the small bench blasting area with the requirements of excavation quality,such as the drop sill section of gate chamber,the blasting technique of small diameter and small bench is preferred than that of large diameter and small bench.

关 键 词：溢洪道 爆破开挖 关键部位 开挖成型效果 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]