采用三维激光扫描精准获得钢构件初始几何缺陷的方法  

PRECISE MEASUREMENT METHOD OF INITIAL GEOMETRIC IMPERFECTIONS OF STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL LASER SCANNING

作　　者：邹奕翀 胡黎俐 冯鹏[3] 李庆伟 滕明睿[3] ZOU Yichong;HU Lili;FENG Peng;LI Qingwei;TENG Mingrui(Beijing Huayu Engineering Co.,Ltd.,China Coal Science and Technology Group,Beijing 100120,China;Shanghai JiaoTong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co.,Ltd.,MCC Group,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团北京华宇工程有限公司,北京100120 [2]上海交通大学,上海200240 [3]清华大学,北京100084 [4]中冶建筑研究总院有限公司,北京100088

出　　处：《工业建筑》2021年第5期22-29,共8页Industrial Construction

摘　　要：钢结构初始几何缺陷是影响构件性能、施工安装的重要因素,传统测量手段存在效率不高、数据不全、精度不足等问题。采用三维激光扫描技术可以高效、精准地扫描构件外形,然而获得的点云数据需要进行复杂的处理,一定程度上限制了该技术的应用。发展了一种构件数字化模型,分为构件、截面、几何元素三个层次;提出了基于三维激光点云的数字化模型建立方法,包括校准固有坐标系、构件点云切片和标注、截面点云分割和标注三个主要步骤;提出了基于数字化模型的全局和局部初始几何缺陷的计算方法。数字化模型及其建立方法在精确保留扫描细节的同时抽象出了几何特征。采用手持式三维激光扫描仪和自编软件BCModeler,采集并处理得到了钢构件的整体和局部初始几何缺陷,验证了方法的有效性。Initial geometric imperfection of steel structure is an important factor that affects mechanical performance, construction and installation. Traditional measurement methods have shortages such as low efficiency, incomplete data, and insufficient accuracy. High-precision point clouds of shape of steel members can be efficiently obtained by three-dimensional laser scanning. However, the processing method of the point clouds need to be developed. First, a digital model of structural member is developed, composing of three levels: component, section, and geometric element. Second, a modeling method of the digital model based on laser point cloud was proposed, including calibration of the inherent coordinate system, slicing and labeling member point cloud, segmenting and labeling section point cloud. Third, the calculation method of global and local initial geometric imperfections based on the digital model is proposed. The digital model abstracts geometric features while retaining precise scanning details. Finally, using a handheld 3 D laser scanning device and self-made software BCModeler, initial global or local geometric imperfections of an H-section steel column and outer steel tube of a hybrid column are obtained, thus the effectiveness of the method is verified.

关 键 词：三维激光扫描 钢构件 初始几何缺陷 点云 三维重建 

分 类 号：TU391[建筑科学—结构工程]