西安市大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals and metalloid elements in atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Xi′an

作　　者：孟昭伟[1] 张同军[1] 郑晶利 丁勇 贾茹 常锋[1] MENG Zhaowei;ZHANG Tongjun;ZHENG Jingli;DING Yong;JIA Ru;CHANG Feng(Institute for Environmental Health Research and Evaluation,Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,西安710054

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2021年第5期28-32,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12)。

摘　　要：目的分析西安市PM_(2.5)中12种金属和类金属元素的污染特征,并评价其人群健康风险。方法2018年在西安市莲湖区和雁塔区的两个监测点每月定期采集PM_(2.5)样品,检测样品中锑、铝、砷、铍、镉、铬、汞、铅、锰、镍、硒、铊12种金属和类金属元素的含量。检测结果按照不同区域、季节统计分析和评价。采用美国环保署(EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型进行呼吸途径的人群健康风险评价。结果共采集分析PM_(2.5)样品165份。砷、镉的达标率分别为51.52%和83.03%,区域间组间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各季节砷的达标率由高到低依次为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季。砷的平均浓度为8.21ng/m^(3),超标1.37倍。各季节砷元素平均浓度均超标,由高到低依次为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,其它元素平均浓度均未超标。砷、镉、铬、铅、锰、镍、汞、锑和硒元素的HQ值和总HI值均<1。致癌元素砷、镉、铬和镍的ILCR值介于3.63×10^(-07)~2.58×10^(-05)之间。ILCR值砷元素最高,其次为铬元素;冬季最高,其次为春秋季,夏季最低;成年男性>成年女性>儿童青少年。结论西安市冬季大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属元素污染较为严重,PM_(2.5)中砷和铬通过呼吸途径对人群健康潜在风险较高。Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics of 12 kinds of metals and metalloid elements in PM_(2.5) in Xi′an city,and to assess the health risks.Methods In 2018,PM_(2.5) samples were collected regularly every month at two monitoring points in Lianhu District and Yanta District of Xi′an City.The content of twelve metal and metalloid elements(Sb,Al,As,Be,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,Mn,Ni,Se,and Ti)in the samples were determined.The test results were statistically analyzed and evaluated according to different regions and seasons.The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)was used to assess the health risks of the metal and metalloid elements.Results A total of 165 PM_(2.5) samples were collected and analyzed.The qualified rates of As and Cd were 51.52%and 83.03%,respectively,and there was no significant difference between regions(P>0.05).The qualified rate of As in each season from high to low was summer>autumn>winter>spring.The average concentration of As was 8.21 ng/m^(3),being 1.37 times higher than the standard.The average concentration of As in each season exceeded the standard,and the order from high to low was winter>spring>autumn>summer.The average concentrations of other elements did not exceed the standard.HQ value and HI value of As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Mn,Ni,Hg,Ti and Se were all less than 1.The ILCR value of carcinogenic elements As,Cd,Cr and Ni was between 3.63×10^(-07)~2.58×10^(-05).The ILCR value was highest for As,followed by Cr.The ILCR value was highest in winter,followed by spring and autumn,and lowest in summer.The order of ILCR value was adult males>adult females>children and adolescents.Conclusion The pollution of metal and metalloid elements in the atmospheric PM_(2.5) in Xi′an in the winter is most serious.Arsenic and chromium in PM_(2.5) pose a higher potential health risk to the population through the respiratory route.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 元素 污染特征 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]