石油烃生物降解过程的研究进展  

Advances in biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons

作　　者：李恒昌 丁明珠[1,2] Hengchang Li;Mingzhu Ding(Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering,Ministry of Education,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院教育部合成生物学前沿科学中心系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津大学天津化学化工协同创新中心,天津300072

出　　处：《生物工程学报》2021年第8期2765-2778,共14页Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2018YFA0902100)资助。

摘　　要：石油烃污染物属于难降解混合物,生物修复已经成为石油烃污染环境的主要修复方法。文中简述了微生物对石油烃的间期适应过程和转运过程,并通过对部分典型石油烃成分的微生物降解机理和代谢路径的梳理和综述,阐释了石油烃生物降解过程中的菌株、基因、代谢路径等研究进展。此外,利用基因工程和代谢工程等手段,可对野生型石油烃降解菌进行改造,进一步提升其对石油烃污染环境的生物修复能力。最后,从石油烃降解菌的代谢途径改造、人工混菌体系的设计构建等角度,结合合成生物学和代谢工程的手段,提出了对石油烃降解的研究展望,以期提升对石油烃污染物的生物修复效果。Petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are difficult to be degraded,and bioremediation has received increasing attention for remediating the hydrocarbon polluted area.This review started by introducing the interphase adaptation and transport process of hydrocarbon by microbes.Subsequently,the advances made in the identification of hydrocarbon-degrading strains and genes as well as elucidation of metabolic pathways and underpinning mechanisms in the biodegradation of typical petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants were summarized.The capability of wild-type hydrocarbon degrading bacteria can be enhanced through genetic engineering and metabolic engineering.With the rapid development of synthetic biology,the bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted area can be further improved by engineering the metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes,or through design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia.

关 键 词：石油烃降解 合成生物学 代谢工程 人工混菌体系 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X592