5种植物源农药对食用菌生产中脉孢霉抑制效果研究  

Inhibitory Effect of Five Phytogenic Pesticides on Neurospora in Edible Fungi Production

作　　者：赵长江 代晨晨 范博文 张圣也 张海燕 ZHAO Changjiang;DAI Chenchen;FAN Bowen;ZHANG Shengye;ZHANG Haiyan(College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Engineering Research Center of Crop Straw Utilization,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省秸秆资源化利用工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2021年第8期1255-1262,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY16A06)。

摘　　要：脉孢霉(Neurospora)是食用菌栽培中常见竞争性杂菌,其感染率高而且传播迅速,致使培养基质大量报废、菌袋成品率下降及栽培场所污染。从香菇栽培料中分离鉴定出好食脉孢霉(N.sitophila)菌株,采用药剂平板方法分析6个稀释浓度植物源农药对脉孢霉菌丝的生长抑制效果。结果表明:供试5种农药中,高于500倍稀释浓度药液均可对供试菌株生长产生显著抑制,抑菌率为55%~100%。其中丁子香酚和乙蒜素抑菌率最高,同为100%;印楝素抑菌率最低,为55%。值得一提的是,丁子香酚的1000倍和2000倍稀释液平板抑菌率也达100%,乙蒜素同浓度稀释液抑菌率与其相近。以上结果说明:乙蒜素和丁子香酚可作为食用菌脉孢霉绿色防控的优选植物源农药。Neurospora is a common competitive microorganism in the cultivation of edible fungi,which has a high infection rate and rapid transmission,so it resulted in many discarded substrates,a decline of mushroom bags yield,and contamination of cultivation sites.In this paper,a strain mycelium was isolated from the cultivation material of Lentinus edodes,and was identified through ITS amplified sequence alignment.The effect of phytogenic fungicides or pesticides on mycelium growth in the drugs plateswas analyzed by using six dilution ratio treatments.All five drugs tested with the solution above 500 dilution ratio could significantly inhibit the growth of the tested strains,the inhibition rate was variable from 55%to 100%.Among them,the highest inhibition rate treatment reached 100%,which resulted from the eugenol and the thylicin;the lowest inhibitory rate of azadirachtin was 55%.And the inhibitory rate of 1000 and 2000 dilution ratio of the eugenol reached 100%,the inhibitory function of the ethylicin did likewise.So the eugenol and the ethylicin can be used as the preferred phytogenic pesticides for the healthy controlling Neurospora in the edible fungi production.

关 键 词：植物源农药 食用菌 脉孢霉 丁子香酚 乙蒜素 

分 类 号：S476.9[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]