北京市65~80岁老年人早餐行为现况调查  

Breakfast Behavior Among 65~80 Years Old People in Beijing City:A Cross-sectional Study

作　　者：郭雯 张曼 张玉 何海蓉[1] 张娜[1] 黎牧夏 周明珠 马冠生[1,2] GUO Wen;ZHANG Man;ZHANG Yu;HE Hai-rong;ZHANG Na;LI Mu-xia;ZHOU Ming-zhu;MA Guan-sheng(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191 [2]食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2021年第8期79-84,共6页Food and Nutrition in China

摘　　要：目的:了解北京市老年人早餐行为状况,为对老年人进行早餐行为健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段整群抽样方法,从北京市海淀区、顺义区、密云区3个行政区共12个社区中随机抽取65~80岁老年人1 800名,采用自行设计的问卷进行早餐行为调查。结果:共回收1 775份问卷,有效样本为1 764份(男性730名、女性1 034名),问卷有效率为99.4%。调查对象中过去1个月内每天吃早餐的比例为95.5%、不吃早餐的比例为2.6%。在城郊、不同文化程度、居住状况间老年人早餐食用频率构成比的差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。老年人早餐食物来源最主要是家庭制作(97.7%),其次是饭店或小摊(18.9%);早餐食物种类选择最多的为谷薯类(96.7%),其次为鱼禽肉蛋类(70.1%)、奶豆类(57.5%),蔬菜水果类选择比例最低(41.5%)。多数老年人早餐营养质量较差(41.0%),其次为营养质量较好(37.7%),营养质量良好的老年人比例最少(21.3%)。结论:北京市老年人每天吃早餐的比例较高,但多数老年人早餐食物种类单一,且早餐摄入奶豆类,蔬菜水果类食物的比例较低,应重点针对男性、郊区、文化程度低、独居的老年人,加强有关早餐食物种类选择及营养搭配的宣传教育,使其形成科学的早餐行为习惯。【Objective】To investigate the breakfast behavior status of the elderly in Beijing,and to provide the basis for health education,prevention and control.【Method】Using multi-stage cluster sampling method,1800 elderly people aged 65~80 years were randomly selected from 12 communities among Haidian District,Shunyi District and Miyun District of Beijing.【Result】A total of 1775 questionnaires were collected.The valid sample of the survey was 1764(730 males and 1034 females),and the questionnaire validity rate was 99.4%.In the past month,95.5%elderly adults ate breakfast every day,while 2.6%people never ate.There were significant differences in the constituent ratio of breakfast consumption among the elderly in the suburbs,different education levels and living conditions(allP<0.05).The main source of breakfast food for the elderly was home-made(97.7%),followed by restaurants or stalls(18.9%);The most popular breakfast food was cereals and potatoes(96.7%),followed by fish,poultry,meat and eggs(70.1%),dairy products and beans(57.5%),and vegetables and fruits(41.5%).Moreover,the breakfast nutritional quality of most elderly people was poor(41.0%),followed by average nutritional quality(37.7%),and the proportion of elderly people with good nutritional quality was the least(21.3%).【Conclusion】The proportion of elderly people in Beijing who eat breakfast every day is relatively high,but most elderly people have a single breakfast food type.They are less likely to eat dairy products and beans,vegetables and fruits for breakfast.Therefore,we should pay more attention to the elderly people who are male,suburb,low education level,and living alone,strengthen the propaganda and education of breakfast food selection and nutrition collocation,in order to make them have scientific breakfast behavior habits.

关 键 词：老年人 早餐 饮食行为 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]