基于地基GPS大气可降水量的福建水汽资源时空分布特征分析  

Analysis of Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Atmospheric Precipitable Resources over Fujian Based on Ground-based GPS Data

作　　者：潘卫华 余永江[1,2] 罗艳艳 张琳琳[3] 杨志勇 PAN Weihua;YU Yongjiang;LUO Yanyan;ZHANG Linlin;YANG Zhiyong(Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Fuzhou 350001,China;Institute of Meteorological Science of Fujian,Fuzhou 350001,China;Putian Meteorological Bureau of Fujian Province,Putian 351100,Fujian,China;Xiamen Meteorological Observatory of Fujian Province,Xiamen 361012,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省灾害天气重点实验室,福建福州350001 [2]福建省气象科学研究所,福建福州350001 [3]福建省莆田市气象局,福建莆田351100 [4]福建省厦门市气象台,福建厦门361012

出　　处：《干旱气象》2021年第4期577-584,共8页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510303);福建省自然科学基金项目(2013J01152);福建省科技厅重点项目(2014Y0041);福建省气象局开放式基金(2019KH06);华东区域气象科技协同创新基金合作项目(QYHZ201811)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用福建省2010—2019年地基GPS站大气可降水量资料、地面气象观测资料和探空数据及ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析福建水汽资源的季节、月、日变化特征,并采用EOF、Mann-Kendall和滑动t检验等方法对近10 a水汽资源的时空分布和变化特征进行分析。结果表明:相较于ERA-Interim再分析资料,福建地基GPS大气可降水量具有较高精度。水汽季节分布以夏季最大,春季次之,秋冬季最低;其月际变化呈倒“U”型分布;晴日和雨日水汽变化差异显著。东部沿海地区水汽含量普遍高于西部山区,但降水转化率低于内陆山区。EOF分析结果显示福建省大气可降水量主要存在2种空间模态,其中第一模态方差贡献率占80.06%,主要表现为空间分布一致型,振荡强度由西北、西南向东部逐渐增强,相应的时间系数表征了大气可降水量显著的季节性变化特征。Mann-Kendall突变检验和滑动t检验的结果表明近10 a福建上空水汽资源未发生突变。Atmospheric precipitable water vapor(P WV)is an important factor affecting rainfall.Based on ground-based GPS-retrieved P WV data,ground meteorological observations,sounding data and ERA-Interim reanalysis data from 2010 to 2019,the seasonal,monthly and diurnal variation characteristics of water vapor resources over Fujian were analyzed.Moreover,the spatial and temporal characteristics of P WV were assessed by using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF),Mann-Kendall test and the sliding t test.The results show that the accuracy of the ground-based P WV was higher compared with ERA-Interim reanalysis data.The water vapor resource over Fujian was largest in summer,followed by spring,autumn and winter.The monthly distribution of P WV presented an inverted U-shaped,and the diurnal variation of P WV changed significantly on sunny day and rainy day.The P WV of the eastern coastal areas was generally higher than that of the western mountainous areas,but the precipitation conversion rate of P WV there was lower than that of the inland mountainous areas.The first mode of EOF decomposition of P WV presented the main characteristics with a variance contribution rate of 80.06%.The eigenvalues were positive in the whole region,which indicated that the spatial change of P WV had good consistency.The oscillation intensity of P WV strengthened from northwest and southwest to the east,and the corresponding time curve characterized the significant seasonal changes of P WV.The mutation test of Mann-Kendall and the sliding t test showed that the water vapor resources over Fujian had not undergone abrupt change in the past 10 years.

关 键 词：地基GPS 大气可降水量 特征 突变分析 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]