从“史笔”到“文笔”——论唐前墓碑文的文学嬗变  

From Historical Writing to Literary Writing:The Literary Evolution of the Epitaph Before Tang Dynasty

作　　者：林家骊[1] 何玛丽 Lin Jiali;He Mali(College of Humanities and Foreign Languages,Zhejiang Shuren University,Hangzhou 312028,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江树人大学人文与外国语学院,浙江杭州312028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第4期36-49,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(16AZW005)。

摘　　要：墓碑文是中国古代文人重要的应用类文体之一,自两汉以来不断发展,其稳定而长久的创作实践蕴藏了重要的文学价值,尤其是发展的前期,是厘清其文学化进程的重要阶段。两汉时期,碑在物质意义的基础上确立了文体意义,并在史传的文体渗透下确立了前传后铭的体制结构,呈现出明显的史笔倾向。自建安末曹操禁碑政策重新确立墓碑刊立的官方权威后,碑文渐渐失去了两汉时期的补史功能,门阀制度下的社会文化也迫使墓碑文放弃了实录属性,转向对形式美的追求,并逐渐形成了"文"的自觉。墓碑文于两晋南北朝时期呈现出独立的篇章布局、工整的程式结构与骈俪的语言特征,这一转型揭示了碑文从两汉"史笔"到南北朝"文笔"的文学化进程。The epitaph is one of the important practical styles of ancient Chinese literati. From the prosperity in the Han Dynasty to the present, the epitaph has been handed down from generation to generation and the tradition never broke off. The practice has proved its important role and value in ancient literati and cultural life. Owing to its biographical attributes similar to history, its rich historical data value has been paid attention to by historians. However, the study of its literary value, which has lasted for thousands of years, is deficient. Now we find some new contents of the epitaphs in Printed Japanese Hongren Edition of Wenguan Cilin, including three in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, namely"Epitaph of Jiangzhou’s Governor Yu Bing", "Epitaph of Jiangzhou’s Governor Yu Yi" and "Epitaph of Xuzhou’s Governor Wang Tanzhi", one in the Southern Dynasties, namely "Epitaph of Yingzhou’s Governor Xiao Zizhao", two in the Northern Dynasties, namely "Epitaph of Yanzhou’s Governor Hu Yan" and "Epitaph of Zheng Nan General He An". The above epitaphs are all in complete chapters and the structure is excellent. Among them the objects of description were all important officials of the state.The authors were all famous literati of their time, such as Sun Chuo, Fu Tao, Xiao Yi and Wei Shou.They provide precious materials for the literary study of epitaphs in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Unfortunately, they have not been systematically sorted out.In the Han Dynasty, the stylistic significance of the epitaph was gradually established in its continuous practice. The diversified stylistic expressions which originated from the material meaning of"stone" gradually evolved into an independent stylistic connotation. The epitaph, which is represented by biography, became a typical representative. The expansion of the narrative needs of the epitaph in the Han Dynasty accelerated the creation of the preface to the epitaph, thus established the system structure of the biography before and the eulogy after. The

关 键 词：墓碑文 唐前 史笔 文笔 文学性 文学嬗变 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]