桥梁震害的历史回顾(上)  

A review of the seismic damage history of bridges (Ⅰ)

作　　者：唐伟健 王东升 张鹏颺 张蒙 孙治国[4] 张晓宇 TANG Weijian;WANG Dongsheng;ZHANG Pengyang;ZHANG Meng;SUN Zhiguo;ZHANG Xiaoyu(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Hebei University of technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Hebei Research Center of Civil Engineering Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Hebei Expressway Yanchong Management Center,Zhangjiakou 075400,China;Key Laboratory of Building Collapse Mechanism and Disaster Prevention,Institute of Disaster Prevention,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 101601,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学土木与交通学院,天津300401 [2]河北省土木工程技术研究中心,天津300401 [3]河北省高速公路延崇管理中心,河北张家口075400 [4]防灾科技学院中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室,北京101601

出　　处：《地震工程与工程振动》2021年第4期70-80,共11页Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51778206);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2020202038)。

摘　　要：地震是社会发展不可忽视的重大风险,桥梁作为交通的咽喉,其在地震中的表现严重影响着灾害救援以及震后经济快速复苏。减轻甚至消除桥梁震害是工程师和学者的共同目标,也是当前桥梁抗震研究的核心出发点。梳理桥梁震害有助于加深对结构本身抗震的理解,同时可以了解桥梁抗震领域研究趋势和规范发展的脉络。作者以上世纪末为时间节点,分上、下两篇总结了有较大意义的数次历史地震桥梁震害情况,本文为上篇。至上世纪末期历次震后调查的经验表明:桥梁抗震设计的重要基础之一是地震危险性分析和设防;工程上需努力增强现有老旧桥梁的抗震能力,重视抗震概念设计、细部设计和减隔震设计;未来的研究重要方向是理清沙土液化、地基失效和近断层效应的影响,以及减隔震设计向(半)主动控制的发展。Earthquake is a major risk of society development.The performance during earthquakes of bridge which are the key points of transportation makes great influence in the efficiency of disaster rescue and post-earthquake rehabilitation.Reducing and resolving bridge seismic damages are the common goals of engineers and researchers,as well as the core purpose of current bridge anti-seismic research.Combing the bridge seismic damages contributes to making deepen understanding of aseismic structure,as well as knowing the research tendency and code development history of bridge seismic engineering.Numeral earthquake events which have important significance are collected and divided into two papers,part I is here for last century.The result and experience of bridge seismic damage investigation in last century show that:Analyzing the risk of earthquake and seismic fortification are the foundations of bridge seismic design;for projects,old bridges should be retrofitted to improve seismic capacity and more attention should be paid to seismic conceptual design,detailsdetail design,seismic mitigation and isolation design;the main topics of future research is to clarify the influence of soil liquefaction,foundation failure and near-fault effect,and develop seismic mitigation and isolation design into semi-active control and active control.

关 键 词：桥梁 震害 震害调查 抗震技术 减隔震设计 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学] U447[天文地球—固体地球物理学]