十三经无“真”字——儒道分野的一个字源学证据  

There Is No Zhen(True) in The Thirteen Classics: Etymological Evidence of the Distinction Between Confucianism and Daoism

作　　者：杨少涵[1] Yang Shaohan

机构地区：[1]华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院、国际儒学研究院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2021年第8期52-63,F0003,共13页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《中庸集释》编撰与《中庸》字义疏证”(19BZX045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：儒家十三经中未见"真"字。学者们认为,儒家经书是以"贞""正""实""诚"等字来表达"真"字之含义。但"真"字在先秦道家经典中却频繁出现,后来还成为道教的标志性字眼。《说文解字》以"仙"释"真",即是以道教神仙思想详为说解。"真"字在儒、道两家早期文献中的不同命运,与金文"真"字之初义有关:道家起源于一种主张"灵生肉死"的古代宗教,儒家则起源于一种主张"肉体不死"的古代宗教;"真"字表达的正是"古道教""灵魂为真、肉体为假"的思想,而这正好与"古儒教"的观念相反。由此来看,"真"字是儒、道两家原初分野的一个字源学证据。The word zhen(true) does not appear in The Thirteen Classics,but it appears frequently in the preQin Daoist writings and later becomes a primary marker of Daoist thought. Some scholars in the past held that the Confucian Classics express the meaning of zhen(true) with a group of separate words including zhen(chaste),zheng(genuine),shi(real),and cheng(sincere). The fate of the word zhen(true) in the early literature of Confucianism and Daoism has something to do with the original meaning of the word in the Jinwen(inscriptions on ancient bronze objects). It is sometimes argued that Daoism originated from an ancient religion that advocated "the spirit lives and the flesh dies",while Confucianism originated from an ancient religion that advocated "the physical body does not die". It can be said that the word zhen(true)provides etymological evidence of the original division between Confucianism and Daoism.

关 键 词：十三经 真 儒道分野 古儒教 古道教 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]