乙烯裂解炉炉管变形及开裂原因分析  

Analysis of Deformation and Cracking of Ethylene Cracking Furnace Tube

作　　者：湛小琳[1] 韩利哲[1] 丁敏[1] 李修能 闫河[1] Zhan Xiaolin;Han Lizhe;Ding Min;Li Xiuneng;Yan He(China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]中国特种设备检测研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国特种设备安全》2021年第8期30-34,59,共6页China Special Equipment Safety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0808600)和课题(K-20-I01)资助。

摘　　要：某石化公司乙烯装置一炉管发生泄露,造成装置非计划停车.经切割取样后发现炉管不同部位发生蠕胀变形及开裂,该炉管服役5年,还未达到设计寿命。本文通过对比分析炉管变形区及非变形区宏观形貌、金相组织、微观形貌及裂纹、面扫描能谱分析以及腐蚀产物XRD分析等,对其变形及开裂原因进行研究。结果表明,炉管内表面渗碳严重,基体中大量碳珞化合物析出导致基体软化,晶界脆化,高温持久强度降低,炉管内壁结焦会引起局部过热,由于热膨胀系数不同造成蠕胀变形,同时装置频繁开停车产生的热疲劳,促进裂纹的形成与扩展,最终导致开裂。A furnace tube of a petrochemical company's ethylene plant was cracked,causing unplanned shutdown of the plant.After cutting and sampling,it was found that different parts of the furnace tube had creeping deformation and cracking.The furnace tube has been in service for 5 years and has not yet reached the design life.This paper intends to comparatively analyze the macro morphology,metallographic structure,micro morphology and cracks of the deformed and non-deformed zone of the furnace tube,surface scanning energy spectrum analysis and XRD analysis of corrosion products,etc.,to study the causes of deformation and cracking.The results show that the inner surface of the furnace tube is carburized seriously,a large amount of chromium carbides precipitate in the matrix,which causes the matrix to soften,and the high-temperature endurance strength decreases.The thermal fatigue caused by the opening and stopping of the machine promotes the formation and propagation of cracks,which eventually leads to cracking.

关 键 词：裂解炉炉管 蠕胀 渗碳 开裂 材质劣化 

分 类 号：X933.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]