论城中村改造中宅基地和村民住宅的依法处置  

On the Legal Disposal of Homestead and Villagers'Houses in the Reconstruction of Villages in Cities

作　　者：王洪平[1,2] WANG Hongping

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院 [2]烟台大学中国土地政策法律实施评估研究中心

出　　处：《法治研究》2021年第5期108-119,共12页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“农村集体产权制度改革的法治保障研究”(项目编号:19ZDA156)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：城中村在法律属性上是城市而非农村。我国法上的城市并非一个不确定性法律概念,其是指行政建制意义上的城镇。不论是一般农村还是城市郊区,土地的集体所有制是主导,国家所有制仅是例外和少数。《宪法》第10条第1款规定的城市土地国有化实质上为“城市私人所有土地的公有化”,其效力并不及于城中村集体所有的土地。改造前的城中村土地属于集体所有,改造后其应转制为国家所有,将城中村土地继续保留为集体所有不具有合宪性基础。城市的土地属于国家所有与集体经营性建设用地入市之间并无冲突。城中村土地国有化的唯一路径是征收,概括国有化、成建制地“农转非”都不具有合法性和正当性。成片征收在《宪法》第10条第1款与第3款之间搭建起了制度纽带,其公益目的性不容否认。城中村宅基地的征收与村民住宅的征收同属于征地程序的内容,对村民住宅的安置补偿应当参照《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》的标准执行。The legal attribute of urban village is urban rather than rural.The city in Chinese law is not an uncertain legal concept,but a town in the sense of administrative system.Whether in the general rural areas or in the suburbs of cities,the collective ownership of land is dominant,while the state ownership is only an exception.Article 10(1)of the Constitution stipulates that the nationalization of urban land is in essence"the public ownership of urban private land",which is not as effective as the collective land of urban villages.Before the transformation,the land of urban village belongs to collective ownership,but after the transformation,it should be transformed into state ownership.It is not constitutional to keep the land of urban village as collective ownership.There is no conflict between the state ownership of urban land and the entry of collective construction land into the market.The only way to nationalize the land in urban villages is expropriation.It is not legal and legitimate to generalize the nationalization and the"conversion from agricultural land to non-agricultural land"of the built-up system.The purpose of public welfare can not be denied because of the institutional link between the first and third paragraph of Article 10 of the Constitution.The expropriation of homestead in urban villages and the expropriation of villagers'houses belong to the content of land expropriation procedure,and the resettlement compensation for villagers'houses should refer to the standard of"Regulations on the Expropriation and Compensation of Houses on State Owned Land".

关 键 词：城中村 宅基地 村民住宅 城市 城市郊区 农村 国有化 成片征收 一并征收 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.297[政治法律—法学]