负载NH4+-N生物炭对土壤N2O-N排放和NH3-N挥发的影响  

Gaseous Nitrogen Emission from Soil After Application of NH-N Loaded Biochar

作　　者：马晓刚 何建桥 陈玉蓝 李德天 刘刈 董建新[1] 郑学博 MA Xiao-gang;HE Jian-qiao;CHEN Yu-lan;LI De-tian;LIU Yi;DONG Jian-xin;ZHENG Xue-bo(Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Nanjing Farmland Quality Protection Station,Nanjing 210036,China;Tobacco Company of Liangshan,Xichang 615000,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream and Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]南京市耕地质量保护站,南京210036 [4]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司,西昌615000 [5]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,南京210014 [6]农业农村部沼气科学研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第9期4548-4557,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31901195);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BD062);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-TRICZD01);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目(2019530000241017);中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目(SCYC201708)。

摘　　要：利用生物炭吸附面源污染水体NH^(+)_(4)-N并将其进行还田可实现此氮资源由水体到农田的安全有效迁移,而探索负载NH^(+)_(4)-N生物炭对N_(2)O-N排放和NH_(3)-N挥发的影响则对于减施化肥和降低土壤氮素损失意义重大.本研究采用土柱试验,设置4个处理:对照(不施氮肥,CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、负载氮+化学磷钾肥(N-BC+PK)和生物炭+化肥(BC+NPK).结果表明,相较NPK和BC+NPK处理,N-BC+PK处理N_(2)O-N累积排放量、NH_(3)-N累积挥发量、气态氮素累积损失量(以N计)分别显著降低了33.62%和24.64%、70.64%和79.29%、64.97%和73.75%(P<0.05).特别需要说明的是,BC+NPK处理相比NPK处理显著增加了NH_(3)-N累积挥发量(P<0.05).综上所述,负载NH^(+)_(4)-N生物炭可显著减少N_(2)O-N排放和NH_(3)-N挥发,且其减排效果显著优于传统的生物炭化肥配施.本研究结果将为富营养化水体NH^(+)_(4)-N农田回用和土壤气态氮素减排提供理论依据和数据支持.To safely and effectively transfer NH^(+)_(4)-N from eutrophic water to soil,biochar was applied to adsorb NH^(+)_(4)-N from wastewater,and this NH^(+)_(4)-N loaded biochar( N-BC) was subsequently used as a soil amendment. Understanding the influence of NBC on N_(2)O-N emission and NH_(3)-N volatilization is important for both decreasing the application of chemical fertilizers and reducing gaseous nitrogen loss from soil. In this study,experiments were conducted in soil columns with four treatments,namely CK( no fertilizer),NPK( chemical fertilizer),N-BC + PK( NH^(+)_(4)-N loaded biochar + chemical fertilizer),and BC + NPK( biochar + chemical fertilizer). Compared to both the NPK and BC + NPK treatments,N-BC + PK significantly reduced the cumulative N_(2)O-N emissions and NH_(3)-N volatilization,as well as the total gaseous nitrogen loss from the soil( P < 0. 05). Relative to NPK and BC + NPK,cumulative N_(2)O-N emissions decreased by 33. 62% and 24. 64%,cumulative NH_(3)-N volatilization decreased 70. 64% and 79. 29%,and the cumulative total gaseous nitrogen loss decreased by 64. 97% and 73. 75%. In particular,BC + NPK significantly enhanced the cumulative NH_(3)-N volatilization. Furthermore,the N_(2)O-N emission flux and NH_(3)-N volatilization rate were significantly positively correlated with the NH^(+)_(4)-N concentration,NO-3-N concentration,and pH of soil( P < 0. 01). Overall,using NH^(+)_(4)-N loaded biochar can significantly decrease N_(2)O-N emissions and NH_(3)-N volatilization,relative to the traditional application combining biochar and chemical fertilizer. This research provides solid theoretical support and data for the application of NH^(+)_(4)-N loaded biochar in soil,to reduce gaseous nitrogen loss.

关 键 词：沼渣 生物炭 负载NH4+-N生物炭 N2O-N排放 NH3-N挥发 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]