华北石质山区不同土地利用方式对土壤生物理化性质的影响  

Effects of different land-use types on soil biological and physicochemical properties

作　　者：潘名好 朱庆征 巩闪闪 张志华[1] 雷浪 孔玉华[1] PAN Minghao;ZHU Qingzheng;GONG Shanshan;ZHANG Zhihua;LEI Lang;KONG Yuhua(College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2021年第4期24-33,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“太行山区侧柏人工林土壤有机碳固存与周转机理研究”(41501331),“林木幼苗对切根的生理生态响应及根冠互作机制”(31570613);河南农业大学国家级大学生创新创业训练项目“华北石质山区林田土壤碳氮时空分布特征”(201910466003)。

摘　　要：为揭示不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物量碳、氮含量及酶活性的影响,以华北石质山区农田(NT)、撂荒地(LHD)以及刺槐(CH)、栓皮栎(SPL)和侧柏(CB)3种人工林为研究对象,采集0~10、10~20和20~30 cm土层土壤样品,对比分析土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)含量及4种酶活性(过氧化氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶和蛋白酶)。结果表明:在0~30 cm土层,NT和CB土壤MBC和MBN含量显著高于LHD、CH和SPL(P<0.05);其中NT土壤的MBC分别比LHD、CH和SPL高752%、927%和537%,MBN含量高332%、227%和79%(P<0.05)。NT、LHD和CB的4种土壤酶活性均表现出较高水平,而SPL土壤过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均最低(P<0.05)。LHD、NT、CB和SPL土壤脲酶活性在0~30 cm土层的均值分别比CH高562%、536%、514%和302%(P<0.05)。随土层深度的增加,4种酶活性均呈显著降低的趋势(P<0.05)。土壤MBC和MBN含量和4种酶活性与各土壤养分因子均具有显著相关性,并也受土壤密度显著影响(P<0.05)。土地利用方式对土壤MBC、MBN、MBC/MBN、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、溶解性氮(DN)含量以及4种酶活性均有显著影响(P<0.05);除土壤MBC和DOC外,土层深度对其他土壤因子亦有显著影响(P<0.05)。综上,农田耕作和侧柏人工林的种植可以改善华北石质山区土壤理化及生物学性质,提升土壤肥力。[Background]Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity are very sensitive to the changes of environmental factors and land use types.They are important biological indicators to evaluate the dynamics of soil quality and reflect the transformation of ecosystem functions.Land use change has a significant and far-reaching influence on soil physicochemical and biological properties,which may be one of the important factors of soil impoverishment and soil erosion in rock mountainous areas of northern China.[Methods]In order to reveal the effects of different land-use types on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents and enzyme activities,soil samples were collected from farmland(NT),abandoned land(LHD)and 3 kinds of typical artificial pure forests:Robinia pseudoacacia(CH),Quercus variabilis(SPL),Platycladus orientalis(CB),in rocky mountain areas of northern China.Soil samples were collected from 0-10,10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers.Soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC),nitrogen(MBN)contents and the activities of 4 enzymes(catalase,β-glucosidase,urease and protease)were compared and analyzed.[Results]In the 0-30 cm soil layer,soil MBC and MBN contents of NT and CB were significantly higher than those of LHD,CH and SPL(P<0.05).Soil MBC and MBN contents of NT were 752%,927%and 537%,332%,227%and 79%higher than those of LHD,CH and SPL,respectively(P<0.05).The activities of 4 enzymes in NT,LHD and CB all showed a high level,while the SPL soil showed the lowest catalase,protease andβ-glucosidase activities(P<0.05).The average urease activities of LHD,NT,CB and SPL in 0-30 cm soil layer were 562%,536%,514%and 302%higher than that of CH soils(P<0.05).With the increase of soil depth,the activities of 4 soil enzymes showed significantly decreased trends(P<0.05).Soil MBC,MBN contents and the activities of 4 enzymes were significantly correlated with soil nutrient factors,and soil bulk density(P<0.05).Land-use types had significant effects on soil MBC,MBN,MBC/MBN,dissolved organic carbon(DOC),dissolved nitrogen(DN)contents

关 键 词：土地利用方式 土壤微生物量碳 土壤微生物量氮 酶活性 华北石质山区 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]