热学中统计熵的一种理论解析  

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL ENTROPY IN HEAT

作　　者：冯仕猛 FENG Shimeng(School of Physics and Astronomy,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学物理与天文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《物理与工程》2021年第3期33-35,38,共4页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：上海交通大学课程思政基金、上海交通大学教学发展基金资助。

摘　　要：大学物理教学过程中,适当给出一些有特色的数学推导,有利于学生理解相关的物理内容和构建相应的物理图像。理想气体的统计熵是热力学中一个重要概念,它与理想气体的体积和温度有关。本文根据测不准关系,提出理想气体分子最小空间概念。利用概率统计的基本知识,通过一定的数学处理,推导出一个统计熵的表达式。这个表达式包含了温度和体积对统计熵的贡献,与统计物理上经典表达式基本相同。这种方法比较简单、直观,有利于低年级理工科学生理解统计熵的物理意义。In the process of college physics teaching,some unique mathematical derivations are appropriately given,which will help students understand the relevant physical meaning and construct the corresponding physical images.The statistical entropy of an ideal gas is an important concept in thermodynamics,which is related to the volume and temperature of the ideal gas.Based on the uncertainty relationship,this paper gives the concept of the minimum space of ideal gas molecules.Using the basic knowledge of probability and statistics,through certain mathematical processing,we derive an expression of statistical entropy,which includes the contribution of temperature and volume to statistical entropy.This formula is basically the same as the classical expression in statistical physics.This method is relatively simple and clear,which is conducive to the understanding of the physical meaning of statistical entropy for the junior science and engineering students.

关 键 词：统计熵 微空间 微观状态数 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O414.1-4[文化科学—教育学]