基于元语言的外向型汉语学习词典编纂理念和实践  

Ideas of Compiling Chinese Dictionaries for Foreign Learners of Chinese Based on Metalanguage and Some Suggestions

作　　者：杨玉玲 宋欢婕 陈丽姣 Yang Yuling;Song Huanjie;Chen Lijiao

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学人文学部/汉语国际教育研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《辞书研究》2021年第5期36-48,I0001,I0002,共15页Lexicographical Studies

基　　金：北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(项目编号16PT06);北京语言大学院级科研项目(中央高校基本科研业务专项资金)(项目编号18YJ010002);北京语言大学校级重大基础研究专项“外向型融媒词典的研发和创新”(项目编号19ZDJ02)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语释义元语言研究起步晚,进展慢,在外向型汉语学习词典编纂中的实践更是不足。文章基于一部外向型汉语学习词典的编纂经验提出:释义元语言意识不仅体现在释义方面,还应体现在配例、辨析等每一个环节;释义元语言不仅包括用词,还应包括用句。文章较为详细地介绍了如何基于这部外向型汉语学习词典提取释义元词,并对提取的释义元词难度和用字难度做了大概分析。最后基于以上认识用案例的形式呈现如何将释义元语言意识落实到具体的词典编写和修改过程的每一个环节,并提出了具体编写建议。Research in defining metalanguage in Chinese started late and has made little progress since.Its application in the compilation of Chinese dictionaries for foreign learners of Chinese is even more undesirable.Based on the experience of compiling a dictionary of this kind,this paper argues that the dictionary compiler s consciousness to use defining metalanguage is not only reflected in definition alone,but also in every link of the dictionary compilation process,such as annotating and example-matching.After a detailed introduction of the approach used to extract meta-words from the dictionary and an overall analysis of the difficulty level of meta-words and characters,this paper demonstrates how to practice the conscious use of defining metalanguage in every step of dictionary compilation and revision with examples.It also offers some specific suggestions in this aspect.

关 键 词：释义元语言 外向型汉语学习词典 词典编纂 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]