中国企业在越南投资的政治风险与防范  

Political Risk and Prevention of Chinese Enterprises’Investment in Vietnam

作　　者：陈文[1] 麦艺帆 CHEN Wen;MAI Yifan

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2021年第4期73-87,155,共16页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2016年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“国家边疆安全视野下的沿边地区侨情调研”(批准号:16JJD810008)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：1991年中越关系正常化以来,中越经贸合作快速发展,中国企业在越南的投资不断增长,投资行业和投资方式也逐渐多元化。但是,与韩国、日本、新加坡等经济体相比,中国企业的投资总体规模较小,投资区域和行业较为集中,投资发展水平仍然较低。与此同时,由于世界、地区形势的复杂多变以及越南国内情况和中越关系的发展变化,中国企业在越南所面临的政治风险也逐渐显现,诸如东道国制度欠透明和腐败违约问题、投资政策的频繁变动、社会骚乱与工人罢工时有发生、因南海领土争端引发的中越关系波动、地缘政治和域外大国的竞争等因素,已经或多或少地影响到中国企业在越南的投资发展。为了规避这些政治风险,中国政府和企业可以考虑以下策略:在政府层面,不断增进中越政治互信,深化双边经济技术合作,发展两国友好关系为中国企业投资护航;深化中国与东盟各领域的合作,推进中国—东盟制度规范和信息共享平台建设;建立和完善中国海外利益保护机制,加强政府与民间合作,有效维护海外中国企业与公民的生命财产和安全。在企业层面,推进中国企业在越南的本地化建设,努力融入当地社会;提高企业公共外交能力,树立品牌意识和良好国家形象;学习现代化管理经验,完善企业制度建设;建立风险防范机制,购买相关保险服务等,从而有效防范和避免政治风险所带来的经济损失。Sino-Vietnam economic and trade cooperation has developed rapidly since 1991,and the investment of Chinese enterprises in Vietnam has continued to grow,Investment industries and methods have gradually diversified.However,Compared with Korea,Japan,Singapore and other investment source countries,the overall investment scale of Chinese enterprises is smaller,the investment regions and industries are relatively concentrated,and the level of investment development is still low.At the same time,due to the complex and changeable world and regional situation,as well as the development and changes in Vietnam’s domestic situation and SinoVietnam relations,the political risks faced by Chinese enterprises in Vietnam have gradually emerged.In order to avoid these political risks,the Chinese government and enterprises may continue to increase political mutual trust between China and Vietnam,deepen bilateral economic and technological cooperation,develop friendly relations between the two countries to escort investment by Chinese enterprises;deepen cooperation between China-ASEAN in various fields,promote the localization of Chinese enterprises in Vietnam,and strive to integrate into the local society;improve the public diplomacy capabilities,etc.,so as to effectively prevent and avoid the economic losses caused by political risks.

关 键 词：政治风险 中国企业 越南 中越关系 防范策略 

分 类 号：D822.333.3[政治法律—政治学] F279.2[政治法律—外交学] F125[经济管理—企业管理]