论胆的命名  

On the Naming of the Gallbladder

作　　者：高斐宏 董尚朴[2] GAO Feihong;DONG Shangpu(Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin China 301617;Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,Shijiazhuang Hebei China 050091)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学,天津301617 [2]河北中医学院,河北石家庄050091

出　　处：《中医学报》2021年第9期1868-1871,共4页Acta Chinese Medicine

摘　　要：《正字通》中,"胆"的原意为"口脂泽、肥貌";"膽"的原意为"连肝之腑",即胆囊。根据《正字通》成书的时间,推断膽、胆二字至迟在明末已经出现混用情况,现代推广普及简化字时彻底用"胆"取代了"膽"。"詹"字原意为对"中正状态"或"可能的威胁"识别并发出警报;以"膽"命名"胆"是古人认为胆对人阴阳平和状态有监测作用,并以情绪作为"语言"做出提醒。从唐代到清代治疗胆病的方剂分析表明,胆病最常出现以恐怯或焦虑为核心的精神状态变化。故胆为人体之"中正之器",负责监测人体中正状态或识别威胁。这也是对"膽"原始命名的内涵的印证。In Zhengzi Tong,the original meaning of "Dan(胆)" is "greasy mouth and fat appearance".The original meaning of "Dan(膽)" is "the viscera connecting the liver",that is, the gallbladder.According to the time when Zhengzi Tong was written, it is inferred that the two characters Dan(膽) and Dan(胆) have been mixed up at the end of the Ming Dynasty.In modern times, the popularization of simplified characters has completely replaced Dan(胆) with Dan(膽).The word "Zhan(詹)" was originally meant to identify and give an alarm to "Zhongzheng state" or "possible threat".The reason why "Dan(膽)" is named after Dan(胆) is that the ancients thought that gallbladder could monitor the peace of yin and yang, and used emotion as "language" to remind.From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the analysis of prescriptions for the treatment of the gallbladder diseases shows that the most common mental state changes of the gallbladder diseases are fear or anxiety.Therefore, the gallbladder is the "Zhongzheng officer" of the human body, which is responsible for monitoring the right state of the human body or identifying threats.This is also the confirmation of the connotation of the original naming of " Dan(膽)".

关 键 词：胆 膽 《正字通》 胆主决断 中正之官 胆气虚 胆气实 

分 类 号：R223.1[医药卫生—中医基础理论]