56份人工合成六倍体小麦的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of 56 Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats

作　　者：王秋云[1] 冯雯杰 张巧玲 赵凯[1] 张宪军[1] 刘淑珍 鲍印广[3] WANG Qiuyun;FENG Wenjie;ZHANG Qiaoling;ZHAO Kai;ZHANG Xianjun;LIU Shuzhen;BAO Yinguang(Jining Acadmy of Agricultural Science,Jining,Shandong 272000,China;Rencheng Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jining,Shandong 272113,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁市农业科学研究院,山东济宁272000 [2]济宁市任城区农业农村局,山东济宁272113 [3]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271008

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第8期960-968,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CM30)。

摘　　要：人工合成六倍体小麦具有丰富的遗传多样性。为给小麦遗传改良提供具有重要利用价值的基因资源,对引自国际玉米与小麦改良中心(CYMMIT)的56份人工合成六倍体小麦材料的主要农艺性状和白粉病田间抗性进行了检测和分析,对其高分子量谷蛋白亚基构成及基因组遗传多样性进行了初步研究。结果表明,供试材料具有繁茂性好、分蘖力强、成穗率高、穗粒数多等优良农艺性状特点,其中,Syn1、Syn2、Syn56等材料的单株成穗数在10穗以上,Syn46的单株穗数平均达到45.4穗;Syn19、Syn30等的穗粒数平均达到50粒以上;Syn52、Syn50、Syn54等材料的千粒重较高,达50~60 g。白粉病抗性鉴定结果显示,Syn4、Syn23、Syn24等80%以上的供试材料对白粉病具有良好的田间抗性。编码高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点表现出丰富的多态性,共有35种HMW-GS等位变异;除含有多种优质亚基或亚基组合外,还含有新的亚基类型。利用SSR分子标记对供试人工合成小麦进行遗传多样性分析,发现相较于本地栽培品种,供试人工合成小麦材料具有更高的遗传多样性。Synthetic hexaploid wheat is rich in genetic diversity and has become an important genetic resource for wheat genetic improvement.In this study,56 Synthetic hexaploid wheat materials from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre(CYMMIT)were analysed for major agronomic traits and resistance to powdery mildew,and preliminary studies were conducted on their high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition and genomic genetic diversity.The results showed that the test materials had good agronomic traits,such as good luxuriance,strong tillering ability,high panicle rate and high number of grains per spike,among which Syn1,Syn2 and Syn56 had more than 10 spikes per plant and Syn46 had 45.4 tillers per plant on average.The average number of grains per spike was more than 50,such as Syn19 and Syn30.The 1000-grain weight of Syn52,Syn50 and Syn54 was 50-60 g.The results of powdery mildew resistance identification showed that more than 80%of the test materials,such as Syn4,Syn23 and Syn24,had good resistance to powdery mildew in the field.There were 35 HMW-GS alleles at Glu-A1,Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci.In addition to containing a variety of high-quality subunits or combinations of subunits,they also contained novel subunit types.Genetic diversity analysis of Synthetic wheat using SSR molecular marker primers showed that the Synthetic wheat materials had higher genetic diversity compared to the local cultivars.

关 键 词：人工合成六倍体小麦 高分子量谷蛋白亚基 小麦白粉病 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330