免耕种植对玉米生长发育及产量效益的影响  

Effects of No-tillage Planting on Maize Growth and Yield Benefit

作　　者：宋勇 王宇先[2] 赵蕾[2] 徐妍 王冰雪[2] 高盼[2] 徐莹莹[2] 杨慧莹[2] SONG Yong;WANG Yu-xian;ZHAO Lei;XU Yan;WANG Bing-xue;GAO Pan;XU Ying-ying;YANG Hui-ying(Beijing Lianchuang Seed Industry Limited Company, Beijing 100081,China;Qiqihar Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]北京联创种业有限公司,北京100081 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2021年第9期15-19,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX13);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2020C003)。

摘　　要：为探索适应气候变化的免耕播种技术,以玉米品种嫩单19为试验材料,在黑龙江省西部半干旱地区设置4个耕作处理,即旋耕垄作秸秆移出、翻耕秸秆全量还田、免耕平作秸秆移出和免耕秸秆覆盖还田处理,采用大区对比试验,对不同耕作方式的特征及玉米生长发育和产量效益进行对比分析。结果表明:免耕播种处理下玉米的物候期、出苗率、干物质重、百粒重、产量等指标均低于旋耕和翻耕处理,但免耕播种技术能够减少作业环节,降低机械成本投入,提高经济效益,是一项节本增效的保护性耕作技术,适合在黑龙江省西部半干旱地区推广应用。In order to explore the no tillage sowing technology adapting to climate change,maize variety Nendan 19 was used as experimental material,set up 4 tillage treatments in the semi-arid area of western Heilongjiang Province,that is,rotary tillage ridge tillage straw removal,tillage straw return to the field,no tillage flat tillage straw removal and no tillage straw mulch return to the field.Large area comparative test was adopted,the characteristics of different tillage methods and the growth,development and yield benefits of maize were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the phenological period,seedling emergence rate,dry matter weight,water content,100 grain weight and yield of no tillage sowing technology were lower than those of rotary tillage and tillage.However,no tillage sowing technology could reduce the operation links,decrease machinery cost investment and improve economic benefits.It is a cost-effective conservation tillage technology,which is suitable for popularization and application in the semi-arid area of western Heilongjiang Province.

关 键 词：免耕 玉米 秸秆还田 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]