工作记忆广度训练对工作记忆容量的作用  

Working memory span training improves working memory capacity

作　　者：王丽萍[1] 寻亚诺 冯玉韬 张秋梅[3] 陈熊鹰 赵琬 李君[6] Wang Liping;Xun Yanuo;Feng Yutao;Zhang Qiumei;Chen Xiongying;Zhao Wan;Li Jun(Beijing Normal University Hospital,Beijing 100875,China;Psychiatry Department,Shangdong Daizhuang Hospital,Jining 272051,China;School of Public Health,Jining Medical University,Jining 272067,China;The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders,Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100088,China;School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学医院,100875 [2]山东省戴庄医院精神科,济宁272051 [3]济宁医学院公共卫生学院,272067 [4]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心,100088 [5]南京师范大学心理学院,210023 [6]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,100875

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2021年第8期728-733,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31771242)。

摘　　要：目的探讨工作记忆广度训练是否可以扩大工作记忆容量。方法采用随机对照试验设计,共招募60例健康大学生,随机分为训练组(n=30,接受空间广度任务自适应性训练)和对照组(n=30,接受低难度空间广度任务的非自适应性练习)。在训练前和训练后采集所有被试完成变化觉察任务时的认知行为和事件相关电位数据。使用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行数据分析,使用重复测量方差分析比较训练组和对照组训练前后的差异。结果重复测量方差分析显示,在认知行为(K分,F=5.352,P=0.025)和事件相关电位水平(CDA波幅,F=4.644,P=0.037)上均发现显著的时间×组别交互作用。进一步的事后检验发现,与训练前(前测)相比,训练组的K分[(0.51±0.93)分,(1.61±1.07)分,F=26.81,P<0.001]和CDA[(-1.49±1.07)μV,(-2.03±0.94)μV,F=4.731,P=0.041]在训练后(后测)均显著增加,对照组的K分和CDA在训练前后均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论工作记忆广度任务可以作为提升工作记忆容量的有效训练范式。Objective To explore whether working memory span training can expand working memory capacity.Methods A randomized controlled trial design was adopted and a total of 60 healthy college students were recruited and randomly divided into training group(n=30,receiving adaptive training of spatial breadth task)and control group(n=30,receiving non-adaptive training of low difficulty spatial breadth task).The cognitive behavior and event-related potential(ERP)data of all subjects when completing the change awareness task were collected before and after training.The SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.The differences between the training group and the control group before and after training were compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results Repeated measurement ANOVA showed that there were significant time and group interactions at the levels of cognitive behavior(K score,F=5.352,P=0.025)and ERP(CDA,F=4.644,P=0.037)levels.Further post test found that compared with pre-training(pre-test),the K-score((0.51±0.93),(1.61±1.07),F=26.81,P<0.001)and CDA((-1.49±1.07)μV,(-2.03±0.94)μV,F=4.731,P=0.041)of the training group increased significantly after training(post-test),and there was no significant difference in K-score and CDA of the control group before and after training(boh P>0.05).Conclusion Working memory span task can be used as an effective training paradigm to improve working memory capacity.

关 键 词：工作记忆训练 工作记忆容量 变化觉察任务 事件相关电位 对侧延迟反应 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]