中国兜兰属植物种质资源保护和利用研究进展  

Progress on Conservation and Utilization of Paphiopedilum Species in China

作　　者：杨颖婕[1] 黄家林 胡虹[1] 张石宝[1] YANG Ying-jie;HUANG Jia-lin;HU Hong;ZHANG Shi-bao(Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Yuxi Normal University,Yuxi Yunnan 653100,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南昆明650201 [2]玉溪师范学院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2021年第5期108-112,119,共6页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省创新团队项目(202105AE160012);中国科学院王宽诚率先人才计划产研人才扶持项目和国际花卉技术创新中心建设及成果产业化项目(2019ZG006)。

摘　　要：兜兰属植物最显著的特点是唇瓣呈拖鞋状。该属植物因花形独特、花朵硕大、花色艳丽、花期持久而成为世界著名的观赏兰花,吸引了众多的园艺爱好者。然而,由于生境破坏、过度采挖和非法贸易,兜兰属成为受威胁最严重的植物类群。该属全部物种都被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的附录I,受到最高等级的保护。本文从迁地保护、野外回归2个方面综述了兜兰属植物的资源保护措施,并从杂交育种、种苗繁殖、人工栽培及花期调控等4个方面概述了兜兰属植物的开发利用现状。为了促进兜兰属植物种质资源的保护和可持续利用,今后应坚持对其野外重建种群的长期监测,不断优化幼苗的回归技术,扩大回归的种类和数量,同时应在种质创新、组织培养技术突破、生产技术优化以及产业化示范等方面开展持续研究和重点攻关。The most remarkable feature of Paphiopedilum is that its species have slipper-shaped lips.Because of their unique flower shape,large and colorful flowers and long floral lifespan,the members of Paphiopedilum are considered to be the most ornamental orchids in the world,and attract many horticultural enthusiasts.However,because of habitat destruction,over-collection and illegal trade,Paphiopedilum is also one of the most threatened plant taxa.All species of this genus are listed in Appendix I of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,and are protected at the highest level.To promote the conservation and sustainable utilization of Paphiopedilum species,the long-term monitoring of the reintroduced population should be maintained,the relevant technology of seedlings should be optimized,and the species and numbers of reintroduction should be expanded.Meanwhile,key projects on breeding,tissue culture,cultivation and industrialization of Paphiopedilum species should be continuously carried out.

关 键 词：兜兰 物种保护 野外回归 杂交育种 规模化栽培 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学] S682.31