高熵合金功能特性研究进展  

The Progress of High-entropy Alloys with the Functional Properties

作　　者：杜宇航 丁德渝 郭宁[1] 郭胜锋[1] DU Yuhang;DING Deyu;GUO Ning;GUO Shengfeng(School of Materials and Energy,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学材料与能源学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第17期17051-17063,共13页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52071276);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0059,cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0933);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS20110)。

摘　　要：传统合金大多以一种主元为基础,通过添加少量或微量特定元素形成不同类型的合金来改善材料的综合性能,但这显然限制了它们新性能的发展。因此,必须开发非常规合金以满足日益增长的需求。高熵合金(High-entropy alloys,HEAs)是近年来发现的一种新型多组元金属材料,因具有独特的设计理念、组织结构以及优异的性能,其在短短数年内获得了大量科研工作者的关注。相较于传统合金注重于相图的边界(顶点、边缘)区域,HEAs则侧重于多组元相图靠近中心的区域,因此HEAs有着更加广阔的成分设计空间。与传统金属材料相比,高熵合金还展现出卓越的力学性能和良好的功能特性。当前关于HEAs的报道大都集中在成分设计规则以及材料的微观结构和力学性能方面,并在成分设计和变形机制等方面取得了显著进展,然而关于高熵合金功能性质的开发和理论的研究还十分有限。基于此,本文简要介绍了高熵合金的发展历程,系统总结了高熵合金的制备方法,分析了高熵合金耐蚀性能和耐磨性能的研究现状,并对其影响因素进行了重点讨论,还探讨了高熵合金在软磁、抗辐照、催化剂、生物医用材料等领域的发展现状,最后对高熵合金当前的研究难点和未来发展进行了探讨和展望,以期为研究人员开展功能HEAs的研究提供参考。For the traditional alloys, most of which were based on a single principal element. They improved the comprehensive properties of the mate-rials always by adding a small or tiny number of specific elements. However, it limited the development of their components and novel properties to a large extent. Therefore, it is high time to develop unconventional alloys to meet the increasing demands. High-entropy alloys(HEAs),a new type of multi-element metals found in recent years, have been gaining increasing popularity among lots of researchers within just these few years because of its unique design concept, organizational structure and excellent properties. Compared with the traditional ones which focused on the boundary(vertex, edge) region of the phase diagram, HEAs attach more importance to the region near the center of the multi-component phase diagram, which is why HEAs have a wider space for the development of composition design. Besides, high-entropy alloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties and good functional properties. Currently, most researches on HEAs focus on the microstructure and mechanical properties of structural materials. According to the composition design and deformation mechanism of HEAs have made great progress. However, the theoretical researches on the functional properties of high-entropy alloys are still very limited. Therefore, this study not only briefly introduces the development of HEAs and systematically summarizes the preparation methods of HEAs, but also discusses the research status of corrosion resistance and wear resistance in detail and then summarizes the main factors affecting these properties. In addition, attention has also been paid to the current research status of HEAs as soft magnetic, anti-radiative, catalytic, biomedical materials. Finally, the critical issues of the present research and future development of high-entropy alloys are prospected. The current review would provide the useful reference for scientists who conduct researches on the functional HEAs.

关 键 词：高熵合金 功能性质 耐蚀性 耐磨性 影响机制 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]