手扶水力冲刷式挖藕机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of walking hydraulic scour type lotus root digging machine

作　　者：黄琳 周勇[1] 张国忠[1] 涂鸣[1] 刘沿 王宏波 吴泽栋 HUANG Lin;ZHOU Yong;ZHANG Guozhong;TU Ming;LIU Yan;WANG Hongbo;WU Zedong(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院/农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第5期207-216,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662020GXPY015);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-24-D-02)。

摘　　要：针对目前莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)机械化收获程度低、作业劳动强度大、莲藕采收效率低的问题,设计了一种手扶水力冲刷式挖藕机。该挖藕机采用液压系统控制污水潜水泵和喷头的往复运动,并利用2个污水潜水泵分别配置1个喷头的方式工作,保障水流有足够的流量与压力;应用AMESim软件对液压控制系统进行仿真,仿真结果显示,液压系统运行良好。以设计的手扶水力冲刷式挖藕机喷头的喷射角度、喷头的入泥深度、推移液压缸的移动速度为试验因素,以冲刷深度、浮出率为试验指标,开展三因素三水平的Box-Behnken试验,并进行响应面分析及参数优化分析。试验结果表明,当喷射角度为30°、入泥深度为-24 mm、移动速度为10 cm/s时,设计的挖藕机冲刷性能达到最优状态,此时挖藕机冲刷深度为302 mm,莲藕浮出率为90%。At present,the mechanized harvest of lotus roots is low,the labor intensity of workers is high,and the harvesting efficiency of lotus roots is low.Therefore,a walking hydraulic scour type lotus root digging machine was designed.Hydraulic system was used to control the reciprocating movement of sewage submersible pump and nozzle.Two sewage submersible pumps were used to control one nozzle respectively to make the water flow have enough flow and pressure.The hydraulic control system was simulated and analyzed by AMESim,it was found that the hydraulic system works well through the adjustment test of the hydraulic system.In addition,a Box-Behnken test was carried out,and the response surface analysis and parameter optimization analysis were carried out,where the jet angle of the nozzle,the depth of the nozzle into the mud and the moving speed of the hydraulic cylinder for pushing were taken as the test factors,while the scour depth and the floating rate as test indexes for design.The experimental results show that when the jet angle of the nozzle is 30°,the depth of the nozzle into the mud is-24 mm,and the moving speed of the hydraulic cylinder for pushing is 10 cm/s,the scouring performance of the machine reaches the optimal state,at this moment the scour depth is 302 mm,and the floating rate is 90%.The research can provide reference for the design and optimization of the lotus root digging machine.

关 键 词：莲藕 挖藕机 机械化采挖 水力冲刷 液压系统 AMESIM 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]