中老年人北欧式健走足底压力特征分析  

Analysis on the Characteristics of Plantar Pressure in Nordic Walking for Middle-Aged and Elderly People

作　　者：胡龙威 张愉 张彦龙[1] HU Longwei;ZHANG Yu;ZHANG Yanlong(Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang,Heilong jiang Province,157000 China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院,黑龙江牡丹江157000

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2021年第25期10-14,共5页Contemporary Sports Technology

基　　金：牡丹江师范学院研究生科技创新项目(kjcx2020-108mdjnu);牡丹江师范学院科研项目(QN201625)。

摘　　要：目的:获取中老年人北欧式健走与正常健走的足底压力动力学参数,并进行对比分析,以此为北欧式健走足底压力特征研究提供参考数据,探究北欧式健走的优势,并对中老年人健走活动提出指导建议,从而进一步降低运动风险。方法:使用Footscan测力平板对有3年日常健走经历的30名老年人(男性16名,女性14名)进行测试,主要数据包括足底压力值、各区域的平均峰力值、冲量、时相等动力学参数。结果:北欧式健走足底各区域最大压力值均低于正常健走,并且在第2~5趾骨、足跟内侧、足跟外侧3个区域具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);第1趾骨、第2~5趾骨、第5跖骨和足弓处的最大压强大于正常健走,并且在足弓处具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);其他区域小于正常健走,且在足跟内侧、外侧具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。北欧式健走除了足跟外侧的负荷率大于正常健走,且具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)外,其余各区域负荷率均低于正常健走,第1跖骨及足弓处具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:北欧式健步走过程中足底各区域压力峰值、压强、负荷率大多低于北欧式健走,北欧式健走能有效改善中老年人在一般健步走过程中的足底压力分布特征,是中老年人更为安全、稳定、高效的健走方式。Objective:To obtain a comparative analysis of the kinetic parameters of the plantar pressure between Nordic walking and normal walking for middle-aged and elderly people,so as to provide reference data for the research on the characteristics of Nordic walking and to explore the advantages of Nordic walking.And provide guidance and suggestions for walking activities for middle-aged and elderly people to further reduce exercise risks.Method:The Footscan force plate was used to test 30 elderly people(including 16 males and 14 females)with 3 years of daily walking experience.The main data include plantar pressure,average peak force in each region,impulse,time equal kinetic parameters.Result:The maximum pressure value of each area of the sole of Nordic walking is lower than that of normal walking,and there are very significant differences in the three areas of the 2nd to 5th phalanx,the inner heel and the outer heel(P<0.01);the maximum pressure at the 1st phalanx,2nd to 5th phalanx,5th metatarsal and arch of the foot is greater than that of normal walking.And there is a very significant difference in the arch of the foot(P<0.01);other areas are smaller than normal walking,and there is a very significant difference in the inside and outside of the heel(P<0.01).In Nordic walking,the load rate on the outside of the heel is greater than that of normal walking,and there is a very significant difference(P<0.01);the load rates of other regions are lower than normal walking,and there is a very significant difference between the first metatarsal and the arch of the foot.Significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion:During Nordic walking,the peak pressure,pressure and load rate of each area of the sole of the foot are mostly lower than those of Nordic walking.Nordic walking can effectively reduce the distribution characteristics of plantar pressure of middle-aged and elderly people during general walking.It is a safer,more stable and efficient way of walking for middle-aged and elderly people.

关 键 词：中老年人 健走 北欧式健走 足底压力 

分 类 号：G819[文化科学—体育学]