不同负载量对新新2核桃树体营养、生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of loading capacity on tree nutrition,growth and fruit quality in Xinxin 2 walnut

作　　者：宁万军[1] 张强[1] 黄闽敏[1] 刘旭丽[2] NING Wanjun;ZHANG Qiang;HUANG Minmin;LIU Xuli(Research Institute of Economic Forestry,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Vocational and Technical College of Construction,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆建设职业技术学院,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第9期1550-1556,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：自治区林果业提质增效科技专项(XJLGZX19-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同负载量处理对新新2核桃树体营养、生长及果实品质的影响,为其适宜的负载量提供理论依据。【方法】按照复叶与果实个数的比例设定5组不同负载量处理,测定不同负载量处理下对新新2核桃叶片、新枝、根系N、P、K含量及总糖营养、生长及果实品质的影响。【结果】随新新2果实负载量逐渐减小,叶片P、K含量相应升高,N含量、叶面积、百叶干、鲜质量均在复叶与果实比例为4∶1处理时达到峰值,分别比CK提高了9.48%、49.54%、23.48%、14.13%,而叶片长宽比值及百叶干、鲜质量比值无显著差异。新梢生长量,N、P、K含量及总糖含量均随负载量的减小而增大。降低负载量可显著提高新新2单果质量、出仁率、蛋白质及维生素E含量,而果实脂肪含量却逐渐降低,各处理间核桃仁质量差异并不显著。新新2根系年生长量和N、P、K含量及总糖含量均随着负载量的减小而呈逐渐增大的趋势,并在复叶与果实比例4∶1时达到最大值。【结论】综合新新2果实品质及树体营养等方面的因素,复叶与果实比例4∶1为新新2核桃适宜负载量。【Objective】This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different ratios of compound leaves to fruits on the nutritional storage and fruit quality of Xinxin 2 walnut.The aim was to explore the suitable loading capacity of Xinxin 2 walnut variety in production,and to provide theoretical basis for efficient and high-yield cultivation of Xinxin 2 walnut.【Methods】Five treatments were set according to the ratio of the number of compound leaves to the number of fruits on the fruiting branches(1∶1,2∶1,3∶1,4∶1 and 5∶1).At the same time,the CK(control)was set.The fruit and compound leaves of the whole walnut tree were extirpated according to different loading capacity settings.The changes of N,P,K nutrient storage in leaves,current shoots and root system and fruit quality were measured under different loading capacity.【Results】The results showed that with the decrease of fruit loading capacity,the leaf P and K mass fractions increased correspondingly.At the same time,the leaf P and K mass fractions with the treatment of 5∶1 were all significantly higher than those of other treatments,which reached 2.48 g·kg-1 and 13.30 g·kg-1,respectively.The N mass fraction,leaf area,and dry and fresh weight per 100 leaves reached the peak value when the ratio of compound leaves to fruit was 4∶1,which were 9.48%,49.54%,23.48%and 14.13%higher than those of CK,respectively.There was no significant difference in leaf chlorophyll contents among 4∶1,3∶1,5∶1 and 2∶1 treatments,but they were all significantly higher than CK and 1∶1 treatment.However,with the decrease of fruit loading capacity,there was no significant difference in the ratio of length to width and the ratio of dry weight to fresh weight per 100 leaves.The annual growth,N,P and K mass fractions and total polysaccharide content in current shoots all gradually increased with the decrease of loading capacity.And the annual growth of current shoots reached 9.40 cm and 9.34 cm with 4∶1 and 5∶1 treatments,which were31.28%and 30.45%high

关 键 词：核桃 新新2 负载量 营养 生长量 果实品质 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]