早期阿尔都塞的阅读理论——兼谈“表层阅读”的误判  

Early Reading Theories of Louis Althusser and the Misjudgment of Surface Reading

作　　者：周建增[1] Zhou Jianzeng(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Jinan University,601 West Huangpu Avenue,Guangzhou 510632,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,510632

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2021年第4期138-149,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

摘　　要：早期阿尔都塞文本中存在着三种阅读理论:一为直觉阅读,注重以心灵直观直接通达既定内容,具有将文本语言透明化、空无化的倾向;二为表现阅读,注重以理性思维暴露包含于文本表层内的一元内容,奉行单一密闭型表层/深层区分模式;三为症候阅读,注重以辩证思维剖析潜藏于文本表层下的二元内容,追求开放连环型表层/深层区分模式。其中,症候阅读是对直觉阅读和表现阅读的批判结果,体现出早期阿尔都塞阅读理论发展的渐进性和反思性。表层阅读以表层/深层区分指责症候阅读,是一种未能真正切中症候阅读要义的简单化误判。此一误判根源于詹姆逊对表现与症候之间区别的忽视。辨析直觉阅读、表现阅读和症候阅读之关系,有助于揭示早期阿尔都塞的阅读理论谱系及其在接受过程中产生的变异和误读。There are three reading theories in Louis Althusser’s early works: intuitive reading, expressive reading, and symptomatic reading. Intuitive reading puts emphasis on the intuitiveness of the mind towards given content, which tends to make the text transparent and shallow. The second is the theory of expressive reading, which stresses the revelation of a single meaning on the surface of the text through rational thinking, insisting on an exclusive and closed distinction between surface and depth. Symptomatic reading promotes a dialectical thinking that analyzes the dual content hidden beneath the textual surface in pursuit of an open adjoining distinction between surface and depth. Among these three reading theories, symptomatic reading is a result of critique on intuitive reading and expressive reading, which embodies the progressiveness and reflectiveness in Althusser’s early reading theories. The recent scholarly criticism of surface reading on symptomatic reading based on the surface/depth distinction, however, is an oversimplifying misjudgment that fails to capture its core significance. Such misjudgment is grounded in Fredric Jameson’s neglect of the difference between expression and symptom. An analysis of the relationship among intuitive reading, expressive reading, and symptomatic reading contributes to a thorough understanding of Althusser’s early reading theories, their variations and misreading of these theories in the process of reception.

关 键 词：早期阿尔都塞 直觉阅读 表现阅读 症候阅读 表层阅读 

分 类 号：G792[文化科学—教育学]