史学史研究的性质、演变和未来:一个全球的视角  

The Nature,Evolution and Future of Historiography:a Global Perspective

作　　者：王晴佳[1,2] Q.Edward Wang(Department of History,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Department of History,Rowan University,Glassoro 08028-2235,NJ)

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系,北京100871 [2]美国罗文大学历史系,新泽西州葛拉斯堡罗08028-2235

出　　处：《河北学刊》2021年第5期78-89,共12页Hebei Academic Journal

摘　　要：史学史的研究对象是历史学家的过去,其内涵在于研究历代史学家所发展和实践的著史观念与方法。史学史的早期发展包括各种形式的关于过去人物和事件的叙述。这些叙述虽然形式各异,但往往按照一定的时间顺序来编写。史学史成为一个研究领域是19世纪历史学走向职业化的一个结果,其发展成为一个成熟的领域则以20世纪初《近现代史学史》《十九世纪的历史学和历史学家》等奠基型著作的问世为标志。其后,在新的环境下,史家对历史的性质、范围和方法论有了与前代人截然不同的新理解,即史家们摒弃了启蒙运动关于人类历史单线进步的观念,倾向于将世界历史视为一个多中心、多方向的过程,近年来全球史和环境史的遍地开花就是明证。21世纪初也有一些新的著作出版,有助于读者预测这个领域未来的发展方向:一是尝试用全球的和跨文化的视角来考察世界各地历史实践的传统与变革;二是许多从业者正在将自己的研究范围扩大到史家的作品之外;三是人们开始分析未来科学技术新进展对人们认识和表述历史的影响。这三种发展趋势敦促历史学从业者:超越欧洲中心主义,落实全球化的视野;将关注的焦点从史家的论著扩展到整个有关过去的知识;检讨和应对科学技术的新进展对未来历史书写的潜在和重大的影响。The subject of historiography is the historians’understanding of the past,covering the ideas and methods of historical writing developed and practiced by successive generations of historians.The early development of the history of historiography included various forms of narratives about people and events of the past.Thanks to the professionalization of history in the 19 th century,history of historiography became a subfield of historical study,marked by such seminal works as Gechichte der neuerenHistoriographie andHistory and Historians in the Nineteenth Centuryin the early 20 th century.In more recent years,historians have developed a new understanding of the nature,scope,and methodology of history that differed radically from that of their predecessors.In particular,historians have abandoned the Enlightenment notion of a unilinear progress in history and tended to view world history as a polycentric,multi-directional process,shown in the blossoming of global and environmental history.New publications at the beginning of the 21 st century help anticipate the future direction of the field:first,examine traditions and transformations in historical practices around the world from a global and cross-cultural perspective;second,expanding the research scope beyond the works of historians;and third,analyze the impact of future new advances in science and technology on how people perceive and present history.These three trends urge historiographers to:transcend Eurocentrism and implement a global perspective;expand the focus of study from historian’s treatises to the entire body of knowledge about the past;and respond to the significant impact of new advances in science and technology on the future of historical writing.

关 键 词：史学史 全球史 职业化史学 史学现代化 历史学未来 

分 类 号：K09[历史地理—历史学]