日本核污水排海问题的综合法律解读——对国际法与国内法上责任救济规定的统筹分析  

An Analysis of Legal Issues and Countermeasures Concerning Japan’s Plan to Discharge Contaminated Water into the Ocean:Coordinating the International Law and Domestic Law on Liability Relief

作　　者：罗欢欣[1,2] Luo Huanxin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所 [2]中国社会科学院海洋法治研究中心

出　　处：《日本学刊》2021年第4期35-61,145,149,共29页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：日本将巨量核污水排入海洋的计划可能危及全人类整体利益、相关国家利益和公民个人利益,从而同时涉及国际法和国内法上责任救济的相关规定。保障跨界损害的"国际和国内救济"是国际法委员会有关责任条款草案中的原则要求,也为《联合国海洋法公约》等诸多条约的相关内容所确认。统筹国际法和国内法上的责任救济路径来分析日本核污水排海问题,有助于更全面地解读相关法律问题并考量应对方案。从国际责任救济的角度看,日本承担的国际义务来自诸多条约和习惯国际法规定,而获得国际原子能机构的支持并不能证明日本履行了所有国际义务。从国内责任救济的角度看,日本行为存在触犯各国的国内法律规定并面临各国政府和国民进行国内追诉的可能性。不管是通过国际法还是国内法寻求司法救济,均有其局限性,有必要结合法律、外交和舆情手段做好综合法治战略预案。Japan’s plan to discharge a huge amount of contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean may endanger the overall interests of mankind,the national interests of all countries and the interests of individual citizens,thus involving the relevant provisions of international law and domestic law on liability relief.As recommended by the International Law Commission in the relevant draft principles and articles of international liability law,as well as required by the provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.States should guarantee that victims of trans-boundary harm have access to adequate administrative and judicial remedies both domestically and internationally.To have an in-depth study on the relevant legal issues,it is necessary to coordinate the international law and domestic law on liability relief.From the perspective of international liability law,the support of the IAEA cannot prove that Japan has fulfilled all its international obligations,because Japan’s international obligations come from many treaties and customary international rules.From the perspective of domestic liability law,Japan’s responsible units and persons in charge may face claims and prosecutions by governments and citizens as victims from various States according to their national laws.Finally,there are limitations in seeking judicial relief either through the international level or the domestic level,so it is necessary to make a comprehensive strategic plan that combines the legal,diplomatic and public media means.

关 键 词：核污水排海 国际法 国内法 责任救济 跨界损害 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]