规模化经营推动中国农业绿色发展  

Large-scale farming promotes agricultural green development in China

作　　者：谷保静 段佳堃[1,2] 任琛琛 汪思彤 王琛 GU Baojing;DUAN Jiakun;REN Chenchen;WANG Sitong;WANG Chen(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Policy Simulation Laboratory,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学政策仿真实验室,杭州310058 [3]浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室,杭州310058 [4]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2021年第5期709-715,共7页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(41822701);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41773068);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(42061124001)。

摘　　要：我国农业生产面临着养活14亿人口的巨大压力,化肥的过量施用造成了农业面源污染,如何在保障粮食安全的前提下有效控制农业面源污染是我国农业发展面临的重大挑战。本文回顾了1949年以来我国农业生产关系和产量的变化,分析了小农经营面临的化肥过施、农业劳动力老龄化、空心村等问题,指出农业规模化经营是解决这些问题继而实现未来农业绿色发展的有效路径。可在城市化进程中有效推动农地规模化经营,并基于此调整养殖业布局,在空间上重构种养关系,从而实现我国农业整体绿色发展。对于不适宜规模化发展的地区则要探索产业链延长的形式,以三产融合激发高附加值农业的活力。未来需要政府和市场同时发挥效用,引导农民进城,为农业规模化提供基础,并培育新型经营主体,促进农业现代化的有序推进。China′s agriculture needs to feed 1.4 billion people and excessive fertilizer use has caused agricultural non-point source pollution.It is urgent to control agricultural non-point source pollution while ensuring food security.In this paper,we reviewed the development of agricultural productivity and productive relations in China since 1949.Smallholders face problems of the overuse of fertilizer,labor aging and hollow villages in China.Appropriate large-scale farming could alleviate these problems and lead to green development.Urbanization could promote large-scale farming in China and rebuilding the linkage between livestock and cropland is also needed.Where there is not suitable for large-scale farming,extension of industrial chain could revitalize agriculture via the integration of different industries.In the future,government and market should work together to guide rural-to-urban immigration to promote large-scale farming,encourage alternative farming models and finally promote agricultural modernization.

关 键 词：农业规模化 粮食安全 面源污染 老龄化 城市化 种养结合 饮食结构 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]