北京地区奶牛场A2基因型纯合个体的调查  

Investigation on Homozygous Individuals of A2 β-casein in Dairy Farms of Beijing

作　　者：吕小青[1,2,3] 杨宇泽 赵凤 刘林[1,2,3] 麻柱 赵春颖[4] 路永强 LV Xiao-qing;YANG Yu-ze;ZHAO Feng;LIU Lin;MA Zhu;ZHAO Chun-ying;LU Yong-qiang(Beijing Dairy Cattle Center,Beijing 100192;Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Genetic,Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100192;Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Genetic,Breeding and Reproduction,Beijing 100192;Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry,Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]北京奶牛中心,北京100192 [2]农业农村部奶牛遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,北京100192 [3]奶牛遗传育种与繁殖北京市重点实验室,北京100192 [4]北京市畜牧总站,北京100101

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2021年第9期28-31,共4页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题“优良奶牛育种评估体系建设与选育技术研究(D171100002417001)”;现代奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队岗位专家(BAIC06-2020);北京市农业科技项目“奶牛高乳品质群体分子选育技术研究与示范”(20200105)。

摘　　要：牛奶蛋白主要分为乳清蛋白和酪蛋白,其中酪蛋白的45%为β-酪蛋白,β-酪蛋白有两个主要的变异型,即A1型和A2型。为了解北京地区奶牛场A2型β-酪蛋白的分布情况,本研究采用PCR扩增牛β-酪蛋白(CSN2)部分基因片段后,用DdeⅠ对扩增产物进行酶切,建立了PCR-RFLP检测A2基因的方法。根据对北京地区155头荷斯坦公牛β-酪蛋白基因型检测的结果统计,A2A2基因型的种公牛大约占34.2%。之后通过对A2A2公牛家系进行血统分析,筛选出A2纯合型公牛后代女儿2035头,并利用PCR-RFLP对这些奶牛个体进行A2基因型检测,发现1137头A2A2纯合型个体。本研究为纯A2型β-酪蛋白牛群的选育提供了基础。Milk protein is mainly divided into whey protein and casein,45% of casein is β-casein.There are two main variants of β-casein,A1 and A2.In order to investigate the distribution of A2 type β-casein in dairy farms in Beijing,a PCR-RFLP method was established for the detection of A2 gene.After PCR amplification of bovine β-casein gene fragment,the amplified product was digested with Dde Ⅰ.According to the results of β-casein genotypes of 155 Holstein bulls in Beijing,about 34.2% of bulls were A2A2 genotype.After that,2035 daughters of A2A2 homozygous bulls were selected by pedigree analysis of A2A2 bulls,and 1137 A2A2 homozygous individuals were detected by PCR-RFLP.This study provided the basis for the establishment of homozygous A2 type β-casein cattle.

关 键 词：奶牛 Β-酪蛋白 A2奶 基因型 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]