明清时期珠江流域旱涝灾害的空间分布特征  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Drought and Flood Disasters in Pearl River Basin during Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：毕硕本 张莉[2] 王履华[1] 鲁颖 许志慧 BI Shuo-ben;ZHANG Li;WANG Lyu-hua;LU Ying;XU Zhi-hui(School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044;Institute of History of Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学科学技术史研究院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2021年第5期95-100,共6页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国明清时期气候灾害时空演变特征挖掘研究”(41271410)。

摘　　要：通过收集整理明清1368-1911年珠江流域的历史气象灾害资料,计算544年各府(州)的旱(涝)年数和年均旱(涝)灾县数比,并运用K最近邻分类算法和热点分析等方法,分析各子流域旱(涝)灾发生频次和空间分布特征。结论如下:1)以旱涝灾害的年数空间分布将珠江流域分为以东江、北江和西江流域为主的涝灾频发区、以红水河流域为主的旱涝均衡区和以南盘江流域为主的旱灾频发区3类;2)珠江流域各府(州)的旱灾空间分布不均,整体由东向西递减,流域东部(广东、广西、江西南部)旱灾较为严重,且等级差距较大,西部(贵州)旱灾分布具有连续性,而涝灾分布整体由东向西递减。研究结果对于现代防灾减灾、气候预测等有参考价值。Based on collecting and collating the historical meteorological disaster data of Pearl River Basin from 1368 to 1911 in Ming and Qing Dynasties,this paper calculates the drought and flood years and the average annual ratio of drought and flood disaster counties of each prefectural city in 544 years.The frequency of drought and flood disasters in each sub-watershed and the spatial distribution characteristics of drought and flood disasters in Pearl River Basin are analyzed by K-nearest neighbor classification algorithm and hot spot analysis.The conclusions are as follows.1)The spatial distribution of drought and flood disasters in Pearl River Basin can be divided into three categories:the flood-prone areas mainly in Dongjiang,Beijiang and Xijiang River Watershed,the drought-flood equilibrium areas mainly in Hongshui River Watershed,and the drought-prone areas mainly in Nanpanjiang River Watershed.2)The spatial distribution of drought disasters in Pearl River Basin was uneven,decreasing from east to west as a whole.The drought disasters in the eastern part of the basin(Guangdong,Guangxi and southern Jiangxi)were more serious,and the grading gap was larger.The drought distribution in the western part(Guizhou)was continuous.The overall distribution of flood decreased from east to west.The study of drought and flood disasters in Ming and Qing Dynasties is of great significance and reference value for disaster reduction and climate prediction.

关 键 词：明清时期 珠江流域 旱涝灾害 空间特征 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]