东北地区冬半年积雪与气温对冻土的影响  

Influence of snow and temperature on the depth of frozen soil in winter half year in Northeast China

作　　者：周晓宇[1] 赵春雨[1] 李娜 刘鸣彦[1] 崔妍[1] 敖雪[1] ZHOU Xiaoyu;ZHAO Chunyu;LI Na;LIU Mingyan;CUI Yan;AO Xue(Regional Climate Center of Shenyang,Shenyang 110166,China;Shanxi Meteorological Observatory,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳区域气候中心,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]山西省气象台,山西太原030006

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2021年第4期1027-1039,共13页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201841,CCSF202013);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J047);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(20180551217)资助。

摘　　要：利用东北地区121个气象站逐日冻土深度、积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温及降水量数据,分析了1964-2017年冬半年冻土的变化特征及气象要素对冻土的影响。结果表明:东北地区积雪深度、平均气温、地表平均气温与冻土深度相关系数较高,降水量相关性不大。20世纪60年代平均气温、地表平均气温及负积温最低,最大冻土深度为历年代最深;随着气候变暖,最大冻土深度以6.15cm·(10a)^(-1)的速率显著减小。冬半年平均最大冻土深度为123cm,呈显著纬向分布,自辽东半岛向大兴安岭北部递增;随纬度和海拔高度的增加,平均气温和地表平均气温降低,负积温增加,且由北向南地气温差增大。最大冻土深度全区有90%以上的站点减少,减少速率以0.1~10cm·(10a)^(-1)为主。冻土持续时间随纬度升高而增加,月最大冻土深度和积雪深度最大值分别出现在3月和1月,最大冻土深度的增加要滞后于积雪深度的增加。由于积雪对地温的保温作用,积雪深度较浅时,冻土深度增加较明显,随着积雪深度的增加,冻土深度变化较小,积雪对冻土起到了保温的作用。对于高纬度地区站点,30cm左右为积雪的保温界限值;对于沿海站点,积雪保温的界限值在5cm左右;在相同地形下,冻土深度较浅区域积雪的保温值因海拔高度、气候特点而异。最大冻土深度对地表平均气温升温的响应更为显著,地表平均气温和平均气温每升高1℃,最大冻土深度将减小8.4cm和10.6cm,负积温每减少100℃·d,最大冻土深度减少4.9cm。Based on the daily data of frozen soil depth,snow depth,average temperature,average surface temperature and precipitation of121 meteorological stations in Northeast China,the variation characteristics of frozen soil and the influence on frozen soil by meteorological elements in winter half year of1964 to2017 were analyzed. The results show that:the correlation coefficients between snow depth,average temperature,and surface average temperature with frozen soil depth are relatively high,but the correlation with precipitation is small. In the1960 s,the average temperature,average surface temperature and negative accumulated temperature are the lowest,and the maximum frozen soil depth is the deepest;while the climate warming,the maximum frozen soil depth decreased significantly at the rate of6.15 cm·(10 a)^(-1). In winter-half year,the average maximum frozen soil depth is123 cm,showing a significant latitudinal distribution,increasing from Liaodong Peninsula to the north of Greater Khingan Mountains;with the increase of latitude and altitude,the average temperature and surface temperature decrease,the negative accumulated temperature increase,and surface-air temperature difference increases from north to south. The maximum depth of frozen soil decreases in more than90% of the stations,and the decreasing rate is mainly0.1~10 cm·(10 a)^(-1). The duration of frozen soil increases with the increase of latitude;the monthly maximum depth of frozen soil and snow appear in March and January respectively,and the increase of maximum frozen soil depth lags behind that of snow. Due to the heat preservation effect of snow on surface temperature,the frozen soil depth increases obviously,when the snow depth is shallow,while with the increase of snow depth,the frozen soil depth changes little,snow has played role in insulation on frozen soil. For stations in high latitudes,limit value of snow for heat preservation is about30 cm;for coastal stations,the limit value of snow for heat preservation is about5 cm;in the same terrain,the

关 键 词：东北地区 冻土 积雪 保温作用 地表平均气温 负积温 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]