西南地区肉牛产业区域比较优势分析  

Analysis of Comparative Advantage on Beef Industry in Southwest Area in China

作　　者：杨子姗[1] 李憬[1] 郑锦玲[1] 谭淑文[1] 胡琼[1] 解芬[1] 王孟宇[1] YANG Zishan;LI Jing;ZHENG Jinling;TAN Shuwen;HU Qiong;XIE Fen;WANG Mengyu(College of Food Drugs and Health,Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture,Kunming 650212,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业职业技术学院食品药品与大健康学院,云南昆明650212

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期78-84,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Social Science)

基　　金：云南省教育厅基金项目“基于供给侧改革的云南全株玉米成本收益与定价问题研究”(2020J1321);国家重点研发计划项目“优质肉牛高效安全养殖技术应用与示范饲草专题”(2018YFD0501804)。

摘　　要：利用2009—2018年全国及西南各地国民经济及畜牧业相关数据,采用不同要素比率分析法,定量分析了西南地区肉牛业的资源禀赋系数、综合优势指数和专门化系数,对不同指标进行了相关性分析。结果表明:(1)西南地区作为我国传统的肉牛主产区域,近年来发展迅速,牛存栏规模平均占全国的36.6%,但牛肉产量平均仅占全国的18.9%;(2)西南地区内部在养殖规模、资源禀赋、综合比较优势及发展速度等方面差异较大,西藏资源禀赋及综合比较优势突出,四川有养殖规模优势,贵州有发展速度优势,云南兼具规模、资源禀赋和综合比较优势,广西和重庆无比较优势,区域内优势差异未发生实质性改变;(3)资源禀赋系数、综合优势指数和专门化系数测算结果具有极强的正相关性,相关结果可以相互印证。结论:(1)西南地区肉牛业长期具有较强的资源禀赋优势,但不具备综合比较优势;(2)西南地区肉牛业区域比较优势顺序为:西藏>云南>贵州>四川>广西>重庆;(3)云南兼具规模、资源禀赋和综合比较优势,贵州发展潜力大,两省可将肉牛业作为产业发展重点;(4)云南、贵州两省应根据当地特点,通过优化资源配置,扩大养殖规模,引导肉牛产业走规模化发展道路,加快肉牛业从资源禀赋优势向综合比较优势转化。According to national and local economy and animal husbandry data of southwest China from 2009 to 2018,we quantitatively analyze the resource endowment coefficient,comprehensive advantage index and specialization coefficient as well as the correlation of different indicators of beef cattle industry in Southwest China.The results indicated that:(1)Cattle stock in Southwest China averagely accounts for 36.6%of the whole country.As the traditional main producing area of beef cattle in China,beef cattle in southwest China develop quickly in past years.However,the average beef yield accounts for only 18.9%of the whole country;therefore,the Southwest Region,has a certain resource endowment advantage,but does not have comprehensive comparative advantage.(2)There are significant differences in breeding scale,resource endowment,comprehensive comparative advantage and development speed between regions in southwest China.The order of advantages could be classified as Tibet,Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Guangxi,and Chongqing.(3)In Yunnan,it has both scale,resource endowment and comprehensive comparative advantage.Guizhou has the advantage of development speed.For both regions,they could take beef cattle industry development as the key priority.while Guangxi and Chongqing have no comparative advantage,Tibet has outstanding resource endowment and comprehensive comparative advantage.Sichuan has the advantage of breeding scale.and the regional advantage difference has not changed substantially;(4)based on the local characteristics,Yunnan and Guizhou provinces can accelerate the transformation of beef cattle industry from resource endowment advantage to comprehensive comparative advantage by optimizing the allocation of resources,expanding the scale of breeding and guiding the beef cattle industry to take the road of large-scale development.

关 键 词：肉牛产业 区域比较优势 资源赋系数 综合比较优势 西南地区 

分 类 号：F307.3[经济管理—产业经济]