不同时间尺度下农田土壤风蚀可蚀性的变化  

Changes of soil wind erodibility for farmland in different time scales

作　　者：王仁德[1] 安晨宇 苑依笑 张春来 李庆[1] 查慧敏 常春平[2] 郭中领[2] Wang Rende;An Chenyu;Yuan Yixiao;Zhang Chunlai;Li Qing;Zha Huimin;Chang Chunping;Guo Zhongling(Institute of Geographical Sciences/Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application,Hei-bei Academy Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050011;College of Resource and Environment Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省科学院地理科学研究所,河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050011 [2]河北师范大学,资源与环境科学学院/河北省环境演变与生态建设省级重点实验室,河北石家庄050024 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2021年第5期202-209,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41630747,42077069,41801007)。

摘　　要：土壤风蚀可蚀性(简称土壤可蚀性)作为风蚀模型的必要输入参数之一,会随风蚀事件过程、耕作措施以及气象气候等因素发生显著变化,但目前对其变化趋势尚认识不足。本文采用野外观测、采样分析与空间换时间的方法,就次风蚀事件、风蚀月、风蚀季、多年4个时间尺度下坝上地区农田土壤可蚀性变化问题进行研究。结果表明:严重风蚀事件过程中,地表土壤中粒径<0.85 mm干团聚体颗粒的含量明显降低,临界起沙摩阻风速明显升高,输沙率明显减弱,三者均显示土壤可蚀性出现明显降低的趋势。风蚀月、风蚀季和多年3个时间尺度下,农田特别是翻耕农田土壤可蚀性均呈下降的趋势,并且时间尺度越长,土壤可蚀性的下降幅度越大。强烈的风蚀搬运作用可能是造成各时间尺度下坝上地区农田土壤可蚀性普遍下降的主因。为了降低坝上地区农田风蚀的危害,应减少新农田的开垦并尽量避免在风蚀事件高发期进行农田翻耕。Soil wind erodibility(simplified as soil erodibility),as one of the necessary input parameters in wind erosion models,changes significantly with the process of wind erosion events,tillage measurements,weather and climate factors,but its changing trend is still unclear until now. In this paper,by field observation,sampling analysis and space time exchange methods,the changes of farmland soil erodibility in Bashang district were studied under four time scales:wind erosion event,wind erosion month,wind erosion season and many years. The results showed that from the pre(stage)to post(stage)of the wind erosion event,the content of dry aggregate particles with diameter <0.85 mm in surface soil decreased significantly,and the threshold friction velocity increased significantly,and the sediment transporting rate decreased significantly,which all proved that the soil erodibility decreased significantly. In the time scales of wind erosion month,wind erosion season and many years,the soil erodibility for farmland,especially for ploughed farmland,showed a downward trend,and the longer the time scale,the larger the declining range of the soil erodibility. The strong wind erosion in Bashang district may be the main reason for the decline of farmland soil erodibility under different time scales. In order to reduce the damage of farmland wind erosion in Bashang district,reclamation of new farmland should be reduced as far as possible and ploughing should be avoided in the high incidence period of wind erosion events.

关 键 词：土壤风蚀可蚀性 临界起沙摩阻风速 输沙率 时间尺度 农田 

分 类 号：X169[环境科学与工程—环境科学]