《兼满汉语满洲套话清文启蒙》的满汉对音--兼论清代满汉对音的几个侧面  

Manchu-Chinese Phonology in Jian Man-Hanyu Manzhou Taohua Qingwen Qimeng

作　　者：竹越孝 Takashi Takekoshi(Kobe City University of Foreign Studies,Kobe 6512187,Japan)

机构地区：[1]神户市外国语大学,日本神户6512187

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2021年第3期25-32,共8页TCSOL Studies

摘　　要：《兼满汉语满洲套话清文启蒙》一书为清代流行的满语会话教材之一,此书用满文对汉字进行了标音,对研究清代北京话语音有着极为重要的价值。其对音系统的最大特点为“不分尖团”,这一点与《清文鉴》等规范性文献的情况明显不同,正确反映出当时北京音的情况。但同时可以看出,此书的满汉对音系统遵从规范式的对音亦很多。我们由此可以肯定,编写此书的一个目的是供满语母语者学习汉语发音而使用,另一个目的是提出“用满文表示汉字音”的一种规范。Dated 1761,Jian Man-Hanyu Manzhou Taohua Qingwen Qimeng,a Manchu-Chinese bilingual conversation book with Manchu alphabetic transcription interlineated with Chinese characters,is a version of the second volume of the well-known Manchu textbook Qingwen Qimeng(1730).The phonological system of this book seems to partly reflect the Beijing dialect;its most prominent feature is the paratalization of gutturals and sibilants before high front vowels and glides.However,it also contains many common features with other normative dictionaries published by the Qing court,indicating that the phonological system of this book is not entirely based on the colloquial pronunciation of the Beijing dialect.These facts support the hypothesis that this book had two purposes of compilation:one was to teach the Chinese pronunciation to Manchu people who study the Chinese language;the other was to show the standard spelling of Manchu transcriptions of Chinese characters.

关 键 词：《兼满汉语满洲套话清文启蒙》 北京话 满文 尖团音 

分 类 号：H114[语言文字—汉语]