东南亚全日制华校华文教学质量问题分析  

An Analysis of the Quality of Chinese Teaching in Full Time Chinese Schools in Southeast Asia

作　　者：宗世海[1] 马天欢 Zong Shihai;Ma Tianhuan(College of Chinese Language and Culture,Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510610,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华文学院,广东广州510610

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2021年第3期40-50,共11页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“海外华人社区中华文化传承研究”之子项目“华文学校与文化传承”(16ZDA220)。

摘　　要：在文献研究和实际经验基础上,本文首先拟定了一份指导东南亚全日制华校质量目标的标准,提出了现阶段验收其华文教学质量的手段;接着,通过文献分析、调研观察发现,东南亚全日制华校的华文教学管理和教学质量存在很大问题,很多华校花费了十几年的时间,投入了巨额课时量和人力、财力,但是却缺乏合格的教学管理和质量控制,其所设定的华文教学目标普遍偏低,有不少华校实际上并没有明确的教学目标;其华文学习者的实际华文水平比设定目标更低;最后,通过华文能力测试和简易写作测试测量了马来西亚、泰国、印尼、菲律宾、柬埔寨、老挝部分华校学生的华文水平,结果显示,除了马来西亚多数华校以外,很多东南亚全日制华校的华文教学都存在效率低下甚至无效教学问题,即使是海外“华文教育示范学校”也不例外。调查还发现,东南亚全日制华校存在着华文学习者随学段的提升而人数锐减的“铁塔”现象;在个别国家,全日制华校的华文教学质量还有整体下滑、华文课时一直在减少的趋势。On the basis of literature research and practical experience,this paper draws up a standard to guide the quality objectives of full-time Chinese schools in Southeast Asia,and puts forward the means to inspect their Chinese teaching quality at the present stage.Through literature analysis,investigation and observation,it is found that there are great problems in the management and quality of Chinese teaching in full-time Chinese schools in Southeast Asia.Firstly,many Chinese schools have spent more than ten years and invested a huge amount of hours and human and financial resources in enhancing the quality of teaching,but it lacks qualified teaching management and quality control,resulting in their Chinese teaching objectives are generally low.Secondly,the actual Chinese language proficiency of Chinese learners is lower than the set goal.Finally,through the Chinese proficiency test and the simple writing test,we measure the Chinese proficiency of students in some Chinese schools in Malaysia,Thailand,Indonesia,Philippines,Cambodia and Laos.The result shows that many full-time Chinese schools in Southeast Asia,except for most Chinese schools in Malaysia,are inefficient or even ineffective,even overseas“Chinese education model schools”are no exception.The survey also found that the number of Chinese learners in full-time Chinese schools in Southeast Asia decreased sharply with the improvement of the learning period;in some countries,the quality of Chinese teaching in these schools is still declining as a whole,and the number of Chinese class hours has been decreasing.

关 键 词：全日制华校 华文教学管理 质量控制 HSK HSKK 东南亚 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]