人咬痕形态学同一认定研究现状及展望  

Current and Prospective Perception of Identification on Morphology of Human Bite Marks

作　　者：杨超朋[1] 吕途[1] 武斌 周宇驰[2] 田雪梅[1] 何光龙[1] YANG Chaopeng;Lü Tu;WU Bin;ZHOU Yuchi;TIAN Xuemei;HE Guanglong(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;Criminal Investigation Division of Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]四川省公安厅刑事侦查局刑事技术处,成都610041

出　　处：《刑事技术》2021年第5期518-523,共6页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0807303、2017YFC0803802);公共安全行业标准项目(2019BZ144)。

摘　　要：在法医学实践中,牙齿是造成人体损伤的一类特殊工具,以牙齿印痕(咬痕)为显著表现,人牙齿及齿列具有结构相对稳定性和特征个体差异性,咬痕可间接反映此类特征。相关研究表明,人咬痕具有同一认定条件,能够实现个体识别,可为侦查认定或排除犯罪嫌疑人提供技术支撑,为法庭审判提供证据支持。目前,关于人体上咬痕形态学同一认定的方法较多,但受人体皮肤等软组织结构、咬合面、咬合力、人体运动等多种因素影响,咬痕很难准确反映牙齿及齿列特征,往往仅展示部分特征,造成同一认定条件不佳,个体识别准确率较低。因此,有必要正确认识人体上咬痕的特征反映能力与价值,正确对待和利用人咬痕同一认定及法医检验鉴定。Among forensic identification about trauma,bitten marks are frequently involved.Such marks are ordinarily caused from teeth to bite onto human bodies.Human teeth and dentition have their relative structural stability and individualspecific characteristics so that the bitten marks are necessarily inclined to possess intrinsic traits.Studies have shown that human bite marks are certainly able to play roles in individual identification,having provided technical support for case investigation and/or exclusion of suspects and/or evidential support for court verdict.Currently,there are truly many methods regarding the identification of bitten marks on human bodies.Nevertheless,the discrepancy is definitely present in various human skins,soft tissue structures,occlusal surfaces and forces,human movement among others,therewith resulting in bitten marks difficult to accurately reflect the real characteristics of concerned teeth and dentition and/or only partial characteristics to be reflected genuinely such that poor identification is the outcome.Therefore,it is worth correctly understanding the characteristics and capabilities of bitten marks on human body so as to appropriately tackle and utilize human bite marks into forensic examination and identification.

关 键 词：法医病理学 法医人类学 牙齿印痕 同一认定 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学] DF795.6[政治法律—诉讼法学]