南美白对虾工厂化养殖成本收益分析---以山东省为例  

Cost Benefit Analysis of Industrialized Culture of Penaeus vannamei:Take Shandong Province as an example

作　　者：邵梦亭 车斌[1] 孙琛[1] 晋洪涛 张海清[1] 徐士伟 SHAO Mengting;CHE Bin;SUN Chen;JIN Hongtao;ZHANG Haiqing;XU Shiwei(College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2021年第9期15-23,共9页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-46)资助.

摘　　要：文章借鉴国内外传统模式以及工厂化模式下水产养殖、对虾养殖成本收益分析指标体系的设立方法和相关研究理论,以山东省为例,于2016—2019年实地采集得到样本数据,对南美白对虾工厂化养殖模式下的成本收益进行分析。结果表明:①2016—2019年山东省工厂化养殖南美白对虾的总成本呈波动上升趋势,其中可变成本远高于固定成本;②在成本结构方面,工厂化养殖模式下固定成本中最大支出项为固定资产折旧,设备维修费近年来增长明显,可变成本中饲料费用、水电煤费、虾苗费用为主要成本项,其中饲料费用占比最大且呈持续上升趋势;③2016—2019年山东省南美白对虾工厂化养殖的净利润稍有减少,尤其在2018年经历了断崖式下滑,4年来成本利润率和销售利润率降低,养殖利润水平、盈利水平均有所下降;④2016—2019年净利润对于价格、饲料费用、水电煤费、苗种费用的敏感性依次由高到低,2018年养殖效益较差的情况下各项敏感系数绝对值均有所增加。Based on the establishment methods and relevant research theories of cost-benefit analysis index system of aquaculture and shrimp culture under the traditional mode and factory mode at home and abroad,this paper took Shandong Province as an example to collect the sample data from the field in 2016 to 2019,and analyzed the cost-benefit of the industrialized cultivation mode of Penaeus vannamei.The results showed that:(1)From 2016 to 2019,the total cost of industrialized cultivation of Penaeus vannamei in Shandong Province fluctuated and increased,and the variable cost was much higher than the fixed cost.(2)In terms of cost structure,depreciation of fixed assets was the largest expenditure item in the fixed cost of factory farming mode,and equipment maintenance cost had increased significantly in recent years;among the variable costs,feed cost,water,electricity and coal cost and shrimp seedling cost were the main cost items,among which feed cost accounted for the largest proportion and showed a continuous upward trend.(3)From 2016 to 2019,the net profit of industrialized culture of Penaeus vannamei in Shandong Province had slightly decreased,especially in 2018,it experienced a cliff type decline;in the past four years,the cost profit margin and sales profit margin had decreased,and the aquaculture profit level and profit level had declined.(4)From 2016 to 2019,the sensitivity of net profit to price,feed cost,water,electricity and coal cost and seedling cost was from high to low,and the absolute value of each sensitivity coefficient increased in 2018 when the aquaculture benefit was poor.

关 键 词：山东省 南美白对虾 工厂化养殖 时间序列数据 成本收益分析 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学]